In ultra-precision positioning equipment, the accuracy is affected by friction characteristics, especially pre-slip stage. At present, research on mainly includes contact theory and dynamic process. There no time variable in models, so they only apply to stage of static contact, while establishment a dynamics model depends parameter identification cannot reflect influence rough morphology load....

Rail irregularity is one of the most effective factors in train derailment. theste irregularities have generally random distribution that are assumed to be stationary random and ergodic processes in space, with Gaussian amplitude probabiliy densities and zero mean values. The quality of irregularities, their distribution along the rails and wagon speed are the main factors for train derailment ...

In this paper, a new reliable hierarchical model is suggested for a two-wagon train Networked Control System. Each wagon has a Controller that carries the control load and an Entertainment server that handles the entertainment. A supervisory controller runs on top of the two controllers and the two entertainment servers. Contrary to a similar model in the literature, the Supervisory node replac...

Abstract—The paper deals with possibilities of increase train capacity by using a new type of railway wagon. In the first part is created a mathematical model to calculate the capacity of the train. The model is based on the main limiting parameters of the train maximum number of axles per train, maximum gross weight of train, maximum length of train and number of TEUs per one wagon. In the sec...

That formula is also the governing equation that rules optical lithography. R is the measure for resolution, or minimal feature width, which we want to resolve. In traditional semiconductor manufacturing, integrated circuit (IC) layout patterns are printed onto a silicon wafer using ‘light’ of a certain wavelength λ, projecting a mask or reticle through a lens with a certain opening angle, defi...

The article highlights the issues of effective use shunting locomotives by introducing winches on branch lines railway transport, as well improving technology service for freight forwarders. For this, envisages achieving it optimizing sequence execution several technological processes. Including: time takes one wagon to be occupied entering and exiting tracks, number wagons tracks during interv...

With the dramatic increase in mask costs, multi-project wafers have became an attractive choice for low-volume chip fabrication. By using the same set of masks to fabricate a number of different chips, the mask-set cost is amortized among different chip providers, leading to significant cost reduction especially for chip prototyping. In this paper we present a new algorithm for reticle floorpla...