Co-doping of lanthanum and phosphorus in CaFe₂As₂ induces superconductivity at 45 K. This superconducting transition temperature is higher than the 38 K transition in Ba₁-xKxFe₂As₂, which is the maximum found thus far among the 122 phases. Superconductivity with a substantial shielding volume fraction was observed at 0.12 ≤ x ≤ 0.18 and y = 0.06 in Ca₁-xLaxFe₂(As₁-yPy)₂. The superconducting pha...

Digital quantification of a two-dimensional structure was applied to a GDC(Gd₂O₃-doped CeO₂)/LSM(La₀.₈₅Sr₀.₁₅MnO₃) composite cathode employed for solid oxide fuel cells. With the aid of high-resolution imaging capability based on secondary and backscattered electron images, two-dimensional electron micrographs were converted to digital binary files using an image processing tool combined with t...

Random packings containing 8192 hard spheres have been built with an ee-cient computer algorithm for various packing fractions up to c = 0:643, a value close to the upper limit c b ' 0:649. Long-range correlations and local order have been investigated via the calculation of the two-point correlation function g(r) and the Voronoi tessellation, respectively. The g(r) curve exhibits larger damped...

Radiographic imaging of magma dynamics in a volcanic conduit provides detailed information about ascent and descent of magma, the magma flow rate, the conduit diameter and inflation and deflation of magma due to volatile expansion and release. Here we report the first radiographic observation of the ascent and descent of magma along a conduit utilizing atmospheric (cosmic ray) muons (muography)...

A recently proposed schematic model for the nonlinear rheology of dense colloidal dispersions is compared to flow curves measured in suspensions that consist of thermosensitive particles. The volume fraction of this purely repulsive model system can be adjusted by changing temperature. Hence, high volume fractions (phi</=0.63) can be achieved in a reproducible manner. The quantitative analysis ...

1 + 0.5w (1 -s)" where -1 is the relative viscosity, i.e., the ratio of the absolute viscosity of the suspension to that of the pure solvent. The symbol (p stands for the volume fraction occupied by the dispersed substance or solute expressed either in percentage or in cubic centimeters (cc.) per 100 cc. of solution. Hence, sp divided by the weight of the solute per 100 cc. of solution represen...

RTM technology is an attractive alternative for high strength steels by composites with a high fibre volume content. The main advantage is a reduction of the assembly costs, since components can be made in one piece rather than out of a compilation of components. Above that the lower specific weight of a composite product results in a weight reduction. In order to obtain more fundamental knowle...

We investigate entropy generation in unsteady three-dimensional axisymmetric MHD nanofluid flow over a non-linearly stretching sheet. The flow is subject to thermal radiation and a chemical reaction. The conservation equations were solved using the spectral quasi-linearization method. The novelty of the work is in the study of entropy generation in three-dimensional axisymmetric MHD nanofluid a...

We explore numerically the shear rheology of soft repulsive particles at large volume fraction. The interplay between viscous dissipation and thermal motion results in multiple rheological regimes encompassing Newtonian, shear-thinning, and yield stress regimes near the "colloidal" glass transition when thermal fluctuations are important, crossing over to qualitatively similar regimes near the ...

We report a discovery that self-assembled perovskite-spinel nanostructures can be controlled simply by selecting single-crystal substrates with different orientations. In a model BiFeO(3)-CoFe(2)O(4) system, a (001) substrate results in rectangular-shaped CoFe(2)O(4) nanopillars in a BiFeO(3) matrix; in contrast, a (111) substrate leads to triangular-shaped BiFeO(3) nanopillars in a CoFe(2)O(4)...