Patient-ventilator interaction can be described as the relationship between 2 respiratory pumps: (1) the patient's pulmonary system, which is controlled by the neuromuscular system and influenced by the mechanical characteristics of the lungs and thorax, and (2) the ventilator, which is controlled by the ventilator settings and the function of the flow valve. When the 2 pumps function in synchr...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite its widespread use, the role of noninvasive home mechanical ventilation for the management of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure is still controversial. The majority of randomized controlled trials show methodological weaknesses, including issues of patient selection, insufficient pressure support and poor adherence...

BACKGROUND Post-operative pulmonary complications add to the morbidity and mortality of surgical patients, in particular after general anesthesia >2 hours for abdominal surgery. Whether a protective mechanical ventilation strategy with higher levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and repeated recruitment maneuvers; the "open lung strategy", protects against post-operative pulmonary ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) on delivered volumes and pressures during mechanical ventilation, utilizing a lung model. DESIGN Bench study. SETTING Laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using varying-sized endotracheal tubes (ETTs), we ventilated a lung model at two levels of compliance utilizing different modes and parameters of ventilation. After ...

There is a need for an automated bedside functional residual capacity (FRC) measurement method that can continually monitor both the size and a change in size of a patient’s lung volume during mechanical ventilation without the use of bulky equipment, expensive tracer gases or step increases in inspired oxygen fraction. We developed a CO2 rebreathing method for FRC measurement that simply requi...

BACKGROUND Postoperative pulmonary complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. There are no recommendations on mechanical ventilation associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during surgery and anesthesiologists perform either no ventilation (noV) at all during CPB or maintain low tidal volume (LTV) ventilation. Indirect evidence points towards better...

Although the trend in the neonatal intensive care unit is to use noninvasive ventilation whenever possible, invasive ventilation is still often necessary for supporting pre-term neonates with lung disease. Many different ventilation modes and ventilation strategies are available to assist with the optimization of mechanical ventilation and prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury. Patient-...

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is novel type of artificial lung ventilation characterized by low tidal volume and high ventilatory frequency compared with conventional mechanical ventilation. Obstruction diseases like asthma or chronic obstruction pulmonary disease are supposed to be contraindications for HFOV. Mechanical properties of the patient circuit and its parts are studie...

Traditional management of neonatal respiratory failure has been accomplished with mechanical ventilation delivered by time-cycled, pressure-limited techniques. Although easy to use, this modality results in the delivery of tidal volumes that vary according to pulmonary compliance. In contrast, volume-targeted ventilation delivers a selected tidal volume at variable peak inspiratory pressure, re...