A vast majority of L1 vocabulary acquisition occurs through incidental learning during reading (Nation, 2001; Schmitt et al., 2001). We propose a probabilistic approach to generating code-mixed text as an L2 technique for increasing retention in adult lexical learning through reading. Our model that takes as input a bilingual dictionary and an English text, and generates a code-switched text th...

Vocabulary is one of the main components in learning a new language which provides ground for learners to learn and use language. In this regard e-portfolio, as recent novel assessment technique, can have potential vocabulary development. This study aimed at investigating effect portfolio on Iranian EFL guidance school learners’ retention. To end, 92 students seventh, eighth, ninth grades, were...

This study examines the efficacy of a multimodal online bilingual dictionary based on cognitive linguistics in order to explore the advantages and limitations of explicit multimodal L2 vocabulary learning. Previous studies have examined the efficacy of the verbal and visual representation of words while reading L2 texts, concluding that it facilitates incidental word retention. This study explo...

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of using language games on elementary students’ vocabulary retention. Thirty two numbers of students were chosen. They were at the same level of proficiency and were assigned into two groups of 16. The control group received traditional method of teaching vocabulary such as: drills, definitions, etc. and the experimental group was exposed to l...

Abstract In recent years, the number of studies investigating effectiveness using digital games for incidental second language (L2) vocabulary learning has been rapidly increasing; however, there is still a lack research identifying factors that affect L2 learning. Hence, current study examined vocabulary-related (word level, exposure frequency, salience) and learner-related (language proficien...