Green shoot cuttings of 10 different grapevine species were inoculated with Agrobacterium vitis to find disease-related metabolites in the grapevine. Crown galls formed 60 days after inoculation varied in gall severity (GS) evaluated by gall incidence (GI) and gall diameter (GD), which were classified into three response types as RR (low GI and small GD), SR (high GI and small GD), and SS (high...

Resveratrol is positively correlated with grapevine disease resistance and its consumption is also highly beneficial to human health. HPLC analyses showed that resveratrol content was significantly higher in most wild Chinese grapevines than in most European Vitis vinifera grapevine cvs. Fruit of the wild Chinese genotype Vitis quinquangularis Danfeng-2 contains much higher levels of resveratro...

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a grapevine disease that afflicts several wine production areas in Europe, from Portugal to Serbia. FD is caused by a bacterium, "Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis," which is spread throughout the vineyards by a leafhopper, Scaphoideus titanus (Cicadellidae). After collection of S. titanus specimens from FD-contaminated vineyards in three different areas in the Piedmont reg...

The genus Vitis is represented by several coexisting species in Europe. Our study focuses on naturalised rootstocks that originate in viticulture. The consequences of their presence to the landscape and to native European species (Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris) are evaluated. This study compares ecological traits (seven qualitative and quantitative descriptors) and the genetic diversity (10 SS...

Medicinal plants have long been used as a source of therapeutic agents. They are thought to be important anti-aging ingredients in prophylactic medicines. The aim of this study was to screen extracts from Taiwanese plant materials for phenolic contents and measure the corresponding matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. We extracted biological ingredients from eight plants native to Taiwa...

Plants are colonized by diverse assemblages of fungal endophytes that have potential as biocontrol agents for a variety of crops, including grapevine. Although the diversity of symbionts can be very high in wild plants, the fungal endophytes of wild Vitis plants have not yet been investigated. We surveyed the fungal endophytes of 6 wild populations of Vitis riparia, as well as a cold-tolerant, ...

To investigate the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolinc grape seed extract on acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver toxicity in wistar rats. Silymarin was used as reference hepatoprotective agent. Liver injury was induced by APAP (2 gm/kg body weight, bw) on the 1st day of experiment. Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera)L seed extract (200 and 400 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (100 mg/ kg bw) was administer...

Herbivory tolerance has been linked to plant growth rate where plants with fast growth rates are hypothesized to be more tolerant of herbivory than slower-growing plants. Evidence supporting this theory has been taken primarily from observations of aboveground organs but rarely from roots. Grapevines differing in overall rates of new root production, were studied in Napa Valley, California over...

Two deep water new species of turriforms are described from south Brazilian coast. One them is the turrid Polystira tupan sp. nov., one largest genus (~80 mm), with proper sculpture, shallow anal notch, collected off Santa Catarina, 350 m. The other a cochlespirid that has been confused Cochlespira elegans, north Atlantic species; as it different shape, peripheric spines, etc., species, notomar...

This study proposes a novel design method of neuromorphic electronic circuit: circuit based on appropriately selected hybrid dynamics sequential logic with single clock, multiple clocks, and numerical integration. Based the proposed method, central nervous system model C. elegans is presented. It shown that presented can realize typical responses conventional elegans. Furthermore, implemented b...