BACKGROUND Maternal folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 concentrations during pregnancy have been shown to influence birth outcomes, but the evidence is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the associations of maternal B-vitamin status with gestational age, birth weight, and length in a birth cohort study in Singapore. METHODS Maternal blood samples (n = 999) collected during weeks...

GENERIC NAME PAGE Amphotericin B 596 Butoconazole 601 Capsofungin 601 Ciclopirox 602 Clotrimazole 600 Econazole 601 Fluconazole 598 Flucytosine 601 Griseofulvin 602 Itraconazole 599 Ketoconazole 599 GENERIC NAME PAGE Miconazole 600 Naftifine hydrochloride 602 Nystatin 598 Oxiconazole nitrate 601 Sulconazole nitrate 601 Terbinifine hydrochloride 602 Terconazole 601 Tioconazole 601 Tolnaftate 602...

BACKGROUND Vegetarians have a lower intake of vitamin B-12 than do omnivores. Early and reliable diagnosis of vitamin B-12 deficiency is very important. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate vitamin B-12 status in vegetarians and nonvegetarians. DESIGN The study cohort included 66 lactovegetarians or lactoovovegetarians (LV-LOV group), 29 vegans, and 79 omnivores. Total vitamin B-12, m...

BACKGROUND In elderly individuals with low serum vitamin B-12, those who have high serum folate have been reported to have greater abnormalities in the following biomarkers for vitamin B-12 deficiency: low hemoglobin and elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic acid (MMA). This suggests that folate exacerbates vitamin B-12-related metabolic abnormalities. OBJECTIVE We determined w...

The present project aimed to estimate bioavailability of dietary vitamin B(12), for which little information is available in growing pigs. Two approaches, each using 2 quantities of dietary cyanocobalamin, were compared; the first was based on whole body retention for 8 d and the second was based on nycthemeral portal net flux of vitamin B(12). In the first trial, 15 blocks of 3 pigs (31.7 ± 0....

BACKGROUND Problems like body movement, respiratory depression, and complained of pain are still common phenomenon in outpatient artificial abortion general anesthesia. Oxycodone hydrochloride is a semisynthetic opioid and has a good therapeutic effect on visceral pain. We hypothesize that oxycodone hydrochloride would be superior to fentanyl in outpatient artificial abortion surgery. METHODS...

a rapid, specific and accurate proton quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1h qnmr) and also a reversed phase derivatization hplc method have been developed to quantify a toxic, uv-visible inactive and non-volatile impurity n,n-dimethylamine hydrochloride (dma∙hcl) in metformin hydrochloride (mf∙hcl), an active pharmaceutical ingradient. the method is based on proton quantitat...

BACKGROUND Folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 are essential nutritional components in one-carbon metabolism and are required for methylation capacity. The availability of these vitamins may therefore modify methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) by PE-N-methyltransferase (PEMT) in the liver. It has been suggested that PC synthesis by PEMT plays an important ...

Pregnant women in resource-poor areas are at risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies, and indicators of low vitamin B-12 status have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including anemia, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation. To evaluate whether daily oral vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy increases maternal and infant measures of vitamin B-12 status...