The root system is vital for the cotton plant to absorb nutrients and water from the soil and to anchor the plant. Two important soil-borne pathogens of cotton, Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode), and Thielaviopsis basicola can adversely affect root systems resulting in suppressed growth and less efficient water and nutrient uptake and transport. In fields where these pathogens occur to...

background the iran-iraq war (1980–1988) was one of the longest wars of the 20th century. few studies are available in the current literature that evaluates the long-term results of proximal lower-extremity war-related amputations. objectives the purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the current health-related quality of life and clinical musculoskeletal functions of iran...

Although early descriptions of diabetes mellitus among Navajo Indians characterized the disease as an infrequent and "benign chemical abnormality," the prevalence of diabetes and its complications among Navajos appears to have increased substantially in this century. We reviewed recent Indian Health Service inpatient and ambulatory care data and compared these data with previous reports. Of the...

To the Editor: I have been asked by the Surgery Committee and the Infection Control Committee of my hospital to obtain some statistics and standards for comparison. We are looking for morbidity and mortality rates for peripheral vascular surgery. We particularly want to know the expected "Returns to Surgery," the " Infec t ion Rates ," the number of amputations to expect, and other information ...

A nationwide epidemiological study included 3516 primary major lower limb amputations in diabetic patients, during the period 1982 to 1992. On this well defined diabetic amputee population the relative mortality (Standard Mortality Ratio, SMR) has been analysed. The mortality rate was found to be 8 times the expected during the first year following amputation. The relative mortality is higher f...

OBJECTIVE To determine the mortality rate after diabetes-related lower-extremity amputation (LEA) in an African-descent Caribbean population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study. We recruited case subjects (with diabetes and LEA) and age-matched control subjects (with diabetes and no LEA) between 1999 and 2001. We followed these groups for 5 years to asse...

OBJECTIVE To determine mortality rates after a first lower limb amputation and explore the rates for different subpopulations. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of all people who underwent a first amputation at or proximal to transtibial level, in an area of 1.7 million people. Analysis with Kaplan-Meier curves and Log Rank tests for univariate associations of psycho-social and health variab...

objective(s): the aim of study was to determine history of genitourinary diseases in war related bilateral lower limb amputees who were injured during iran-iraq war (1980-1988).   methods: subjects with war related bilateral lower limb amputation (335 persons) were examined by two physicians for any history of genitourinary diseases and their documents were reviewed.   results: the mean age was...