functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) has become the most popular method for imaging of brain functions. currently, there is a large variety of software packages for the analysis of fmri data, each providing many features for users. since there is no single package that can provide all the necessary analyses for the fmri data, it is helpful to know the features of each software package. ...

Colonoscopy is widely used for the diagnosis and treatlesions that are endoscopically subtle or difficult to rement of colon disorders. Properly performed, colonoscopy is generally safe, accurate, and well-tolerated. Visualization of the mucosa of the entire large intestine and distal terminal ileum usually is possible during colonoscopy. Polyps can be removed during colonoscopy, thereby reduci...

The mucosal layer of the colon is a unique and dynamic site where host cells interface with one another and the microbiome, with major implications for physiology and disease. However, the cellular mechanisms mediating colonic regeneration, inflammation, dysplasia, and dysbiosis remain undercharacterized, partly because the use of thin tissue sections in many studies removes important volumetri...

We previously developed a water immersion (“underwater”) technique for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to reduce adverse events [1,2]. We herein present a novel method of gel immersion ESD with the advantages of underwater ESD. We used a gel-type oral rehydration solution (OS-1 Jelly; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Tokushima, Japan) with balanced electrolytes and carbohydrates. Bipolar e...

A side-viewing, 2.3-mm diameter, surface magnifying chromoendoscopy-optical coherence tomography (SMC-OCT) endoscope has been designed for simultaneous, nondestructive surface fluorescence visualization and cross-sectional imaging. We apply this endoscope to in vivo examination of the mouse colon. A 30,000 element fiber bundle is combined with single mode fibers, for SMC and OCT imaging, respec...

T. C. Lauenstein, C. A. Kühle, W. Ajaj, S. Massing, J. Barkhausen Department of Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany Introduction Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory pathology potentially affecting the entire GI tract. The terminal ileum and proximal colon are the parts of the intestine that are mostly affected. MRI both of the small and large bowel has become an establish...

We present a medical crowdsourcing visual analytics platform called C2A to visualize, classify and filter crowdsourced clinical data. More specifically, C2A is used to build consensus on a clinical diagnosis by visualizing crowd responses and filtering out anomalous activity. Crowdsourcing medical applications have recently shown promise where the non-expert users (the crowd) were able to achie...

In this work, a simple semi-empirical model is proposed, based on Response Surface Model, RSM, to determine the shape of an attached oblique shock wave emanating from a pointed axisymmetric nose at zero angle of attack. Extensive supersonic visualization images have been compiled from various nose shapes at different Mach numbers, along with some others performed by the author for the present p...