Objective: To study the epidemiological, clinical charactristics and laboratory findings of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in children. Design: It is a retrospective study, hospital records of all children with diagnosis of VL were reviewed from 1991 through 2003. Setting: Hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jondi-Shapour University of Medical Sciences in the southwestern part of Iran. Subjects: Two hun...

To determine the role that Leishmania infantum/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected patients could play in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we applied direct xenodiagnosis of VL in this study to test the infectivity of six coinfected patients to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus. All patients proved to be infective for the sand flies. The infectivity of patients who had...

The authors analyzed the available literature data and statistics, results can be found for leishmaniasis in Armenia. Between June 2019 December 2021, 375 different breeds were deployed. 135 animals subjected to a comprehensive study with laboratory diagnostics of blood serum detection Leishmania infantum antigen. In 68 dogs, antigens detected using VetExpert Ab immunochromatographic instrument...

We evaluated lymph node aspiration (LNA) as a simple diagnostic procedure for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Lymph node aspiration was compared with the direct agglutination test (DAT) using a diagnostic titer > or = 1:6,400 in 7,880 suspected VL patients in eastern Sudan. Compared with DAT, LNA had a sensitivity of 65.1% (95% confidence interval = 63.5-66.6%). Parasite density in LNA correlated ...

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), a cutaneous sequela of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), develops in some patients alongside but more commonly after apparent cure from VL. In view of the pivotal role of PKDL patients in the transmission of VL, here we review clinical, epidemiological, parasitological, and immunological perspectives of this disease, focusing on five hypotheses to explain ...

genus Leishmania. A sandfly vector called Phlebotomus is the agent responsible for transmitting the pathogen to humans. The disease may be found in 1 of 3 forms, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML), depending mainly on the infecting species and the host immune response. Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries, particularly localized in...

Background: Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It presents mainly in three clinical forms, of which visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form. Recent outbreaks of VL in India and the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) make VL a re-emerging problem in India1. Outbreaks and epidemics o...

visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is usually treated with pentavalent antimonial drugs given alone or in combination with other drugs. the efficacy of these treatments is diminishing, however, and development of alternative treatments has been recommended.we studied 13 patients with leishmaniasis who were unresponsive to meglumine antimonate, at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight/per day given for 30 day...

BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of female sandflies. India is endemic for this disease. On the other hand, India contributes to the largest number of cases of HIV as well. CASE PRESENTATION We hereby report an unusual case presentation of Visceral leishmaniasis/HIV co-infection with additional features of Par...

BACKGROUND For effective control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in East Africa, new rapid diagnostic tests are required to replace current tests with low sensitivity. The aim of this study is to improve diagnosis of VL in East Africa by testing a new antigen from an autochthonous L. donovani strain in Sudan. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We cloned, expressed and purified a novel recombin...