background : gram-negative bacteria are the most cause of nosocomial infection especially in burned patients. carbapenem resistant strains can limit seriously the choice of antibiotic therapy. ampc can make resistance to carbapenem and detection of that can be useful for identification of carbapenem resistant. the aim of this study was identification of ampc in most prevalent cause of nosocomia...

blackleg in cattle has been recognized since 1938 in iran that mostly affects cattle in enzootic farm. main object of this study was to prepare and formulate a concentrated potent vaccine for immunization of cattle against blackleg in iran. experimental concentrated blackleg vaccine was prepared according to the method described by fao. the medium (modified medium for production of experimental...

background hypervariability of hcv proteins is an important obstacle to design an efficient vaccine for hcv infection. multi-epitope vaccines containing conserved epitopes of the virus could be a promising approach for protection against hcv. objectives cellular and humoral immune responses against multi-epitope dna and peptide vaccines were evaluated in balb/c mice. materials and methods in th...

background and aims: the safe, potent and effective live vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella as important childhood diseases have been available for several decades. several factors can affect the thermal stability of lyophilized vaccine. methods: in this study, the effect of residual moisture on thermal stability of 61 batches of mmr vaccine was investigated using an accelerated method...

objective(s):typhoid fever is a dreadful disease of a major threat to public health in developing countries. vaccination with bacterial immunodominant components such as surface proteins may prove as a potent alternative to live attenuated vaccines. invh, an important part of needle complex in type three secretion system (ttss) plays important role in efficient bacterial adherence and entry int...

measles is one of the viral and extremely contagious and acute diseases of childhood affecting almost all children. prior to the discovery of the measles vaccine, the mortality from this disease was one of the highest child mortality figures, especially in the developing countries, with the death rate ranging over 5 to 10% of the infected? before the vaccination program i was launched in the co...

an adjuvant is a substance that is added to a vaccine to increase the body's immune response to the vaccine. vaccines containing adjuvants are tested for safety in clinical trials before they are licensed for used. the basic action of adjuvants is stimulating adaptive immune responses. adjuvants, recently licensed for human utlization, involve alum squalane oil or water emulsion, influenza viro...

leishmaniases are a group of sand fly-borne diseases caused by protozoan parasites from species of leishmania genus. these diseases are reported in about 100 countries with a prevalence of 12 million people infected and incidence of 2 million people per year, putting approximately 350 million people at risk of the infections. leishmaniases are endemic and are considered as important public heal...

mycoplasma contaminants can be considered important not only for their roles as pathogens but also they may indicate that insufficient care has been taken during vaccine manufacture or quality control. the purpose of this study was to test the poliomyelitis vaccines for mycoplasma by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods. during 2008 to 2009, a total of 47 lots of oral poliomyelit...