Mycorrhizae are obligate fungi that predominate in the roots and soil of higher plants. They form association with plant roots in a host-non specific manner. Seven types of mycorrhizae have been known i.e. arbuscular, ecto, arbutoid, ectendo, ericoid, monotropoid and orchidaceous mycorrhizae. Out of these, arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most abundant and wide spread. They promote plant ...

Plant cells engage in mutualistic and parasitic endosymbioses with a wide variety of microorganisms, ranging from Gram-negative (Rhizobium, Nostoc) and Gram-positive bacteria (Frankia), to oomycetes (Phytophthora), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and true fungi (Erysiphe, ascomycete; Puccinia, basidiomycete). Endosymbiosis is characterised by the 'symbiosome', a com...

Pietikäinen, Anne Arbuscular mycorrhiza, resource availability and belowground interactions between plants and soil microbes Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2009, 38 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456-9701; 200) ISBN 978-951-39-3555-9 (PDF), 978-951-39-3514-6 (nid.) Yhteenveto: Arbuskelimykorritsa, resurssien saatavuus ja maanalaiset kasvien ja mikrobien...

Phytoextraction involves use of plants to remove toxic metals from soil. We examined the effects of phytoextraction practices with three plant species (Silene vulgaris, Thlaspi caerulescens, and Zea mays) and a factorial variation of soil amendments (either an ammonium or nitrate source of nitrogen and the presence or absence of an elemental sulfur supplement) on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fun...