The σ1 subunit of the AP-1 clathrin-coated-vesicle adaptor-protein complex is expressed as three isoforms. Tissues express σ1A and one of the σ1B and σ1C isoforms. Brain is the tissue with the highest σ1A and σ1B expression. σ1B-deficiency leads to severe mental retardation, accumulation of early endosomes in synapses and fewer synaptic vesicles, whose recycling is slowed down. AP-1/σ1A and AP-...

The lumenal ionic content of an organelle is determined by its complement of channels and transporters. These proteins reach their resident organelles by adaptor-dependent mechanisms. This concept is illustrated in AP-3 deficiencies, in which synaptic vesicle zinc is depleted because the synaptic-vesicle-specific zinc transporter 3 does not reach synaptic vesicles. However, whether zinc transpo...

Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity are required for the orderly development of sensory circuits in the brain and are powerful modulators of learning and memory in adulthood. During development, emergence of Hebbian plasticity leads to formation of functional circuits. By modeling the dynamics of neurotransmitter release during early postnatal cortical development we show that a developmentall...

Eukaryotic cells adhere to extracellular matrix during the normal development of organism, forming static adhesion as well cell motility. We study this process by considering a simplified coarse-grained model vesicle that has uniform energy with flat substrate, mobile-curved membrane proteins and active forces. find high concentration curved alone increases spreading vesicle, self-organization ...

We consider a stochastic perturbation of the phase field alpha-Navier-Stokes model with vesicle-fluid interaction. It consists in system nonlinear evolution partial differential equations modeling fluid-structure interaction associated to dynamics an elastic vesicle immersed moving incompressible viscous fluid. This couples phase-field equation -for interface between fluid and vesicle- fluid- e...

Syntaxin is one of several proteins that may be involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles, synaptic vesicle recycling, and non-synaptic membrane trafficking. Presence of syntaxin has been reported in rat auditory and vestibular end organs. In the current study, we have examined the expression of message for syntaxin 1 in hair cells of the sacculus of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, w...

The GTPase dynamin I and the inositol 5-phosphatase synaptojanin are nerve terminal proteins implicated in synaptic vesicle recycling. Both proteins contain COOH-terminal proline-rich domains that can interact with a variety of Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. A major physiological binding partner for dynamin I and synaptojanin in the nervous system is amphiphysin I, an SH3 domain-containing prote...

Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) revealed that it is homologous to a family of proton cotransporters from bacteria and fungi and to a related family of glucose transporters found in mammals. The similarity to proton cotransporters raised the possibility that SV2 might mediate the uptake of neurotransmitters into vesicles, an activity known to require a proto...

Clathrin-coated vesicles from brain are primarily involved in synaptic vesicle recycling and are substrates for the constitutively expressed heat shock cognate hsc70 protein (uncoating ATPase). To investigate the regulation of clathrin coat turnover in other tissues the activity of hsc70 towards coated vesicles from other sources was examined. Concentrations of hsc70 which caused near-complete ...