Natural convection heat transfer from a single horizontal cylinder and a pair of vertically aligned horizontal cylinders is investigated. Surface heat transfer distributions around the circumference of the cylinders are presented for Rayleigh numbers of 2 x 10, 4 x 10 and 6 x 10 and a range of cylinder spacings of 1.5, 2 and 3 diameters. With a cylinder pairing the lower cylinder is unaffected ...

development of sensors to detect the location and depth of hard pans in real time is a major restriction on the application of site specific crop management (sscm). in this study, a soil compaction profile sensor equipped with four horizontal operating penetro-meters for on-the-go sensing and mapping of the location and intensity of hard pans arti-ficially formed in a soil bin was developed and...

an_eul is a new automatic method for simultaneous approximation of location, depth, and structural index (geometry) of magnetic sources. in the 2d case analytic signal is defined as a conjugate function whose imaginary part is the hilbert transform of its real part. since the first vertical derivative of the magnetic field is the hilbert transform of its horizontal derivative, vertical and hori...

Breaking waves interaction with two tandem cylinders are numerically studied using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software OpenFOAM. The effects of transverse inclined angles the downstream cylinder and separation distances between on breaking wave loads free surface elevations investigated. interface air water phases is captured by Volume (VOF) method. Shear Stress Transport k−ω(SSTk−ω) tur...

Spatial structure and local migration are predicted to promote the evolution of less aggressive host exploitation strategies in horizontally transmitted pathogens. Here we explore the effect of spatial structure on the evolution of pathogens that can use both horizontal and vertical routes of transmission. First, we analyse theoretically how vertical transmission can alter evolutionary trajecto...

Current research on animal culture has focused strongly on cataloging the diversity of socially transmitted behaviors and on the social learning mechanisms that sustain their spread. Comparably less is known about the persistence of cultural behavior following innovation in groups of wild animals. We present observational data and a field experiment designed to address this question in a wild c...

We investigate host-pathogen dynamics and conditions for coexistence in two models incorporating frequency-dependent horizontal transmission in conjunction with vertical transmission. The first model combines frequency-dependent and uniparental vertical transmission, while the second addresses parasites transmitted vertically via both parents. For the first model, we ask how the addition of ver...

There is a wide range of variability in the reported frequencies of fungal colonization in NICUs due to several factors. Inconsistencies in surveillance culture policies make it difficult to compare the incidence rates of different settings and institutions: as a result, NICUs performing weekly (or semiweekly) cultures for each patient will claim higher incidence rates of colonization than thos...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have shown great potential in agriculture and are increasingly being developed for agricultural use. There are still a lot of experiments that need to be done to improve their performance and explore new uses, but experiments using UAVs are limited by many conditions like weather and location and the time it takes to prepare for a flight. To promote UAV remote se...

The question as to how the ratio of horizontal to vertical transmission depends on the coefficient of horizontal transmission is investigated in host-parasite models with one or two parasite strains. In an apparent paradox, this ratio decreases as the coefficient is increased provided that the ratio is taken at the equilibrium at which both host and parasite persist. Moreover, a completely vert...