Let P be an H-polytope in R with vertex set V . The vertex centroid is defined as the average of the vertices in V . We first prove that computing the vertex centroid of an H-polytope, or even just checking whether it lies in a given halfspace, are #P-hard. We also consider the problem of approximating the vertex centroid by finding a point within an ǫ distance from it and prove this problem to...

Given an undirected graph G and a positive integer k, the k-vertex-connectivity augmentation problem is to find a smallest set F of new edges for which G + F is k-vertex-connected. Polynomial algorithms for this problem have been found only for k≤ 4 and a major open question in graph connectivity is whether this problem is solvable in polynomial time in general. In this paper we develop an algo...

It is shown that if the ring of constants of a restricted differential Lie algebra with a quasi-Frobenius inner part satisfies a polynomial identity (PI) then the original prime ring has a generalized polynomial identity (GPI). If additionally the ring of constants is semiprime then the original ring is PI. The case of a non-quasi-Frobenius inner part is also considered.

Consider a puzzle consisting of n tokens on an n-vertex graph, where each token has a distinct starting vertex and a distinct target vertex it wants to reach, and the only allowed transformation is to swap the tokens on adjacent vertices. We prove that every such puzzle is solvable in O(n) token swaps, and thus focus on the problem of minimizing the number of token swaps to reach the target tok...

Fomin and Villanger ([14], STACS 2010) proved that Maximum Independent Set, Feedback Vertex Set, and more generally the problem of finding a maximum induced subgraph of treewith at most a constant t, can be solved in polynomial time on graph classes with polynomially many minimal separators. We extend these results in two directions. Let Gpoly be the class of graphs with at most poly(n) minimal...

The generalized graph colouring problem (GCOL) for a fixed integer k, and fixed classes of graphs P1, . . . ,Pk (usually describing some common graph properties), is to decide, for a given graph G, whether the vertex set of G can be partitioned into sets V1, . . . , Vk such that, for each i, the induced subgraph of G on Vi belongs to Pi. It can be seen that GCOL generalizes many natural colouri...

In this paper we consider the vertex ranking problem of weighted trees. We show that this problem is strongly NP-hard. We also give a polynomial-time reduction from the problem of vertex ranking of weighted trees to the vertex ranking of (simple) chordal graphs, which proves that the latter problem is NP-hard. In this way we solve an open problem of Aspvall and Heggernes. We use this reduction ...

For a graph $G$ with edge set $E(G)$, the multiplicative sum Zagreb index of $G$ is defined as$Pi^*(G)=Pi_{uvin E(G)}[d_G(u)+d_G(v)]$, where $d_G(v)$ is the degree of vertex $v$ in $G$.In this paper, we first introduce some graph transformations that decreasethis index. In application, we identify the fourteen class of trees, with the first through fourteenth smallest multiplicative sum Zagreb ...

In this paper we de1ne the vertex-cover polynomial (G; ) for a graph G. The coe2cient of r in this polynomial is the number of vertex covers V ′ of G with |V ′|= r. We develop a method to calculate (G; ). Motivated by a problem in biological systematics, we also consider the mappings f from {1; 2; : : : ; m} into the vertex set V (G) of a graph G, subject to f−1(x) ∪ f−1(y) = ∅ for every edge x...

The computational complexity of the Vertex Coloring problem is known for all hereditary classes of graphs defined by forbidding two connected five-vertex induced subgraphs, except for seven cases. We prove the polynomial-time solvability of four of these problems: for (P5, dart)-free graphs, (P5, banner)-free graphs, (P5, bull)-free graphs, and (fork, bull)-free graphs.