Vertebral artery is the first branch of subclavian artery. It merges with the same artery of the opposite side to form basilar artery and becomes one of the important source of blood supply to the brain. Variation in the origin of left vertebral artery was found in 65 year old female during magnetic resonance angiography of the neck vessels. It originated from aortic arch and was longer as ...

HYPOTHESIS With the advent of anterior lumbar interbody fusion and artificial disk replacement as common procedures for the treatment of many spinal problems, anterior exposure has become an increasingly popular procedure for general, thoracic, urologic, and vascular surgeons. Despite this, the body of literature describing this procedure, especially the general and vascular surgery literature,...

introduction:surgical treatment of diseases in cervicothoracic, thoracic and thoracolumbar regions can be a challenging issue. cooperation of the thoracic surgeons and spine surgeons can improve the outcomes and decrease the complications of patients who underwent these approaches.materials & methods: the participants of this study consisted of seventeenpatients suffering from different types o...

 It has been reported that fractures are more common in epileptic patients relative to the general population. Seizures by repeated muscular contractions can increase fracture risk throughout the skeleton, but the reported papers about non traumatic vertebral fractures following a single episode of seizure are rare and mostly located in thoracic spine with only one or two vertebral fr...

total, regional and segmental growth rate of vertebral column were studied during the postnatal life of 30 male camels. these animals were into five groups of neonate, 1 y, 2.5-3y, 4-4.5y, 5.5-6y and 7-10 years divided. the results revealed that, although the growth rate was higher in younger animals than the older ones, but it was not constant in an regions and it was varied according to the a...

introduction: because of the importance of vertebral compressive fracture (vcf) role in increasing the patients’ death rate and reducing their quality of life, many studies have been conducted for a noninvasive prediction of vertebral compressive strength based on bone mineral density (bmd) determination and recently finite element analysis. in this study, qct-voxel based nonlinear finite eleme...

We present a case of a 15-year-old male with history of back pain and bilateral lower limb radiculopathy due to fall. The magnetic resonance imaging scan showed disc bulge at L2-L3 level causing compression on contained nerve roots. In this case, computed tomography scan was indispensable for diagnosis and classification of the vertebral apophyseal fracture and to guide appropriate further mana...

The celiac trunk is the first unpaired midline branch of the abdominal aorta that usually gives rise to the left gastric artery (LGA), the common hepatic artery (CHA) and the splenic artery (SpA). Despite this classic arrangement, many variations exist. We describe an atypical case of an absent CT and anomalous origin of the LGA, CHA and the SpA from the abdominal aorta using multidetector comp...