Vernalization promotes flowering in Arabidopsis through epigenetic repression of the floral repressor, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Vernalization, like other polycomb-mediated repression events, occurs in two stages; FLC repression is established at low temperatures, then maintained during subsequent growth at 22 degrees C. Low temperatures induce VIN3 activity, which is required for changes in his...

Vernalization is one of the most important traits for the adaptability of wheat; detecting variation in genes regulating the response of wheat to vernalization is of importance for classifying winter phenotypes. Ecotilling is a high throughput reverse genetics approach for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of a natural population. To simplify methodology and decrease...

Having grown up in Pennsylvania, I recall that late winter’s delight in spotting a purple crocus piercing through desiccated gray snow, a harbinger for warmer days ahead. The eruption of the crocus, the bloom of the magnolia, and the flowering of winter wheat are all examples of plant processes that are not simply delayed by winter, but indeed require a sustained period of cold to proceed. Toda...

At a certain stage in their life-cycle plants flower, that is they undergo the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. The correct timing of this transition is crucial for reproductive success, so the plant integrates multiple environmental and endogenous signals to judge when to flower. The Dean laboratory is studying the importance of prolonged cold for flowering, a process kn...

Changes in nuclear organization are considered an important complement to trans-acting factors, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs in robust and stable epigenetic silencing. However, how these multiple layers interconnect mechanistically to reinforce each other's activity is still unclear. A system providing long timescales facilitating analysis of these interconnections is vernalization...

A MADS box gene, FLF (for FLOWERING LOCUS F ), isolated from a late-flowering, T-DNA-tagged Arabidopsis mutant, is a semidominant gene encoding a repressor of flowering. The FLF gene appears to integrate the vernalization-dependent and autonomous flowering pathways because its expression is regulated by genes in both pathways. The level of FLF mRNA is downregulated by vernalization and by a dec...

The einkorn wheat mutant mvp-1 (maintained vegetative phase 1) has a non-flowering phenotype caused by deletions including, but not limited to, the genes CYS, PHYC, and VRN1. However, the impact of these deletions on global gene expression is still unknown. Transcriptome analysis showed that these deletions caused the upregulation of several pathogenesis-related (PR) and jasmonate-responsive ge...

Abstract Garlic is usually propagated asexually from the cloves. Clove as propagation source for garlic has many weaknesses. Alternatively, bulbils could be used propagation. The aim of this study was to know effect temperature and time vernalization several clones Indonesian bulbil production. This research conducted at a farmer’s field Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. experiment arrange...