Inferior vena cava atresia (IVCA) is a rare but well described vascular anomaly. It is a rare risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT), found in approximately 5% of cases of unprovoked lower extremity (LE) DVT in patients <30 years of age. Affected population is in the early thirties, predominantly male, often with a history of major physical exertion and presents with extensive or bilatera...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our case report deals with the importance of detailed echocardiographic examination for differential diagnosis of coronary sinus dilation and development of abnormalities of great thoracic veins. CASE PRESENTATION A 49-year-old man underwent transthoracic echocardiography for atypical chest pain. A dilated coronary sinus was found and venous contrast echocardiography ra...

Venous malformation is the most common type of vascular anomaly. Depending upon size and location, these slow-flow anomalies may cause pain, anatomic distortion, or threaten life. Most venous malformations occur sporadically and present as solitary lesions. They also occur in several syndromes, some of which demonstrate Mendelian inheritance. We have mapped the locus for an autosomal dominant d...

PURPOSE To study cerebral developmental venous anomalies in patients with extensive venous malformations of the head and neck. METHODS All patients had undergone carotid angiography 10 to 15 years previously. Four-vessel cerebral angiography was carried out in 40 patients with venous malformations. All patients had a physical examination, 16 had CT, and 22 were examined with MR imaging. One p...

A 10-year-old girl presented with sudden onset recurrent ventricular tachycardia and symmetrical distal peripheral gangrene. She also had pulmonary thromboembolism and cerebral sinus venous thrombosis. Investigations revealed anemia, hemolysis, hypocomplementemia, and elevated IgM anti-beta2 glycoprotein antibody levels. Electrocardiogram and echocardiogram suggested features of a rare cardiac ...

Spontaneous thrombosis of a posterior fossa developmental venous anomaly (DVA) caused a nonhemorrhagic cerebellar infarct in a 31-year-old man who also harbored a midbrain cavernous angioma. DVA thrombosis was well depicted on CT and MR studies and was proved at angiography by the demonstration of an endoluminal clot.

Total absence of superior vena cava (SVC) is a very rare anomaly, and the patient usually suffers from SVC syndrome or conduction disturbances. We report an asymptomatic 27 year-old male, with complete absence of SVC. Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography demonstrated the absence of SVC and other congenital cardiac anomalies, but the presence of prominent collateral vessels tha...

We describe a 3-yr-old patient in whom a central venous catheter (CVC) was inadvertently inserted into a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). This congenital anomaly was diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography. The aetiology and the implications for the anaesthetist are discussed.