The population of industrialized countries such as the United States or of countries from the European Union spends approximately more than one hour each day in vehicles. In this respect, numerous studies have so far addressed outdoor air pollution that arises from traffic. By contrast, only little is known about indoor air quality in vehicles and influences by non-vehicle sources.Therefore the...

All life form on this planet depends on clean air. Air quality not only affects human health but also components of environment such as water, soil, and forests, which are the vital resources for human development. Urbanization is a process of relative growth in a country’s urban population accompanied by an even faster increase in the economic, political, and cultural importance of cities rela...

Nowadays it is reiterated in the literature to put more emphasis on Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies rather than the traditional transportation strategies which are based on “supply-side” tactic specifically in rapidly growing developing countries. The experiences of many cities reveal that as capacity is increased, demand increases at a similar rate, and subsequently in the lo...

The primary means of studying the performance of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are computer simulations. Nowadays, the development of analytical models and the use of hybrid simulations that combine analytical modeling with discrete-event simulation are of great interest due to the significant reduction in computational cost. In this paper, we extend previous work in the area by suggesting...

Ad-hoc wireless communication among highly dynamic, mobile nodes in a urban network is a critical capability for a wide range of important applications including automated vehicles, real-time traffic monitoring, and battleground communication. When evaluating application performance through simulation, a realistic mobility model for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is critical for accurate re...

We propose a novel modeland component-based technique to support communications-oriented development of software for vehicular distributed real-time embedded systems. The proposed technique supports modeling of legacy nodes and communication protocols by encapsulating and abstracting the internal implementation details and protocols. It also allows modeling and performing timing analysis of the...

In this short paper we address the problem of abrupt breakdowns in traffic flow as a consequence of high traffic demand in combination with small driver inaccuracies. First we provide a brief overview on a Cooperative Advanced Driver Assistance System (CADAS) called Density Redistribution through Intelligent Velocity Estimation (DRIVE) that has been proposed to mitigate jam formations. Next, we...

Adapting OFDM for vehicular communication requires extensive knowledge of anticipated multipath and Doppler environments. We present a GPS-enabled channel sounding system built and used to conduct a channel measurement campaign. Tests conducted at the 700 MHz band in and around downtown Ann Arbor, Michigan, explored various vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside channel scenarios. The measu...

Vehicular networks are envisioned for large scale deployment, and standardization bodies, car manufacturers and academic researchers are solving a variety of related challenges. After a brief description of intelligent transportation system architectures and the main already-established low-level standards, this tutorial elaborates on four particular aspects of vehicular networks, which are i) ...

The development of high end Internet-connected navigation and infotainment systems is becoming a truth that will easily lead to a remarkable growth in bandwidth demand by in-vehicle users. In Examples the applications of vehicular communication proliferate, and range from the updating of road maps to the repossession of nearby points of interest, downloading of touristic information and multime...