The human VEGF family consists of VEGF (VEGF-A), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placental growth factor (PlGF). The VEGF family of receptors consists of three protein-tyrosine kinases (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3) and two non-protein kinase co-receptors (neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2). These components participate in new blood vessel formation from angioblasts (vasculogenesis) and new blood vessel ...

Purpose: VEGF, EGF, and TGF-a are expressed in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and play a role in its growth. Vandetanib, amultikinase inhibitor, suppresses thephosphorylationof VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and EGF receptor (EGFR). The aim of this study was to clarify the antitumor effect of vandetanib in mouse

Tumors have been thought to initiate as avascular aggregates of malignant cells that only later induce vascularization. Recently, this classic concept of tumor angiogenesis has been challenged by the suggestion that tumor cells grow by co-opting preexisting host vessels and thus initiate as well-vascularized tumors without triggering angiogenesis. To discriminate between these two mechanisms, w...

Objective Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major complication in systemic sclerosis (SSc), disease marked by vascular and lymphatic vessel abnormalities. This study was undertaken to assess the role of lymphangiogenic factors endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) soluble forms their respective cognate receptors, VEGF receptor 3 (sVEGFR-3) TIE-2, patients with SSc...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular permeability factor is the prototype for a growing family of dimeric growth factors, which exert their effects on vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, as well as on a wide range of other cell types. Gene targeting shows that most, if not all, of the factors and receptors in this family serve critical functions during vascular development o...

Objective(s): We previously reported a series of quinazoline derivatives as vascular-targeting anticancer agents. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the anti-angiogenic activity of the quinazoline derivative compound 11d. Materials and Methods: We examined the effects of quinazoline derivative 11d on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) activation via VEG...

Background: Recent discoveries have indicated that, in the developing heart, sinus venosus and endocardium provide major sources of endothelium for coronary vessel growth that supports expanding myocardium. Here we set out to study origin vessels develop response vascular endothelial factor B (VEGF-B) heart effect VEGF-B on recovery from myocardial infarction. Methods: We used mice rats express...

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) has been identified as a multifaceted factor participating in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-C is not only expressed in endothelial cells, but also in tumor cells. VEGF-C signaling is important for progression of various cancer types through both VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). Likewise, bot...

Growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), required for all tumor growth, is stimulated by the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is up-regulated in all known solid tumors but also in atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, arthritis, and many other conditions. Conventional VEGF isoforms have been universally described as proangiogenic cytokines. Here, we show that an...

objective(s): we previously reported a series of quinazoline derivatives as vascular-targeting anticancer agents. in this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the anti-angiogenic activity of the quinazoline derivative compound 11d. materials and methods: we examined the effects of quinazoline derivative 11d on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (vegfr2) activation via vegf...