The growth function for a class of subsets C of a set X is defined by m’(N) = max {AC(F): F G X, IFI = N} , N = 1,2,. . . , where AC(F) = ({F n C: C E C}l, the number of possible sets obtained by intersecting an element of C with the set F. Sauer (1972) showed that if C forms a Vapnik-Chervonenkis class with dimension V(C), then V(C)-1 mC(N) < c 7 0 for N > V(C) 1. j=o The collection C of Eucli...

Virtual colonoscopy (VC) is a minimally invasive tool that utilizes modern CT technology for colorectal evaluation. Since its inception in 1994, VC has continued to rapidly evolve and improve as a diagnostic screening tool. Early success using primary two-dimensional (2D) detection in polyp-rich cohorts was followed by disappointing results in low prevalence populations. Subsequent introduction...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators in vascular biology. Venous function, although relevant to cardiovascular disease, is still understudied. We compared aspects of ROS metabolism between a major artery (the aorta) and a major vein (the vena cava, VC) of the rat, with the hypothesis that venous ROS metabolism would be overall increased compared with its arterial counterpart. S...

PURPOSE We compare virtual cystoscopy (VC) and transabdominal ultrasonography (US) with conventional cystoscopy (CC),the gold standard, for detection of bladder tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-five patients suspected to have bladder neoplasms were evaluated prospectively.They underwent transabdominal US, followed by VC and CC. We compared sensitivity and specificity of US and VC and their ...

The Law of Large Numbers (LLN) over classes of functions is a classical topic of Empirical Processes Theory. The properties characterizing classes of functions on which the LLN holds uniformly (i.e. Glivenko-Cantelli classes) have been widely studied in the literature. An elegant sufficient condition for such a property is finiteness of the Koltchinskii-Pollard entropy integral, and other condi...

Diffusion is a dominant mechanism regulating the transport of released nuclides. The through-diffusion method is typically applied to determine the diffusion coefficients (D). Depending on the design of the experiment, the concentrations in the source term [i.e., inlet reservoir (IR)] or the end term [i.e., outlet reservoir (OR)] can be fixed or vary. The combinations involve four distinct mode...

BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) and arterial stiffness are major contributors to cardiovascular (CV) disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both are independent predictors of CV mortality and are inversely correlated with bone mineral density (BMD). Few studies have addressed the extent of VC in the pre-dialysis CKD population, with associated measurements of BMD and arterial complianc...

Although many online vendors have sponsored virtual communities (VCs) in the hope of reaping commercial benefits from it, not many have been successful in reaping commercial benefits from their VC. Online vendors can benefit greatly from having a VC, if the VC members can be converted into online buyers. This study examines the conversion of a VC member into an online buyer. Using a classical-c...