Aging is a biological process that causes a progressive deterioration of structure and func‐ tion of all organs over the time [1]. According to the United Nation’s report, the number of people aged 60 and over in the world has increased from 8% (200 million) in 1950 to 11% (760 million) in 2005, and it is estimated that this number will further increase to 22% (2 bil‐ lion) in 2050. It is expec...

Telomeres are specialized DNA-protein structures located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes whose length is progressively reduced in most somatic cells during ageing. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has shown that the telomeres are essential regulators of cellular life span and chromosome integrity in a dynamic fashion. By inducing genomic instability, replicative senescence and apop...

Mariantina Fragou1, Andreas Karabinis2, Eugene Daphnis3, Nicolaos Labropoulos4 and Dimitrios Karakitsos1 1Department of Intensive Care Unit, General State Hospital of Athens 2Department of Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens 3Nephrology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Heraklion, Crete 4Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook N...

Vascular diseases include cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. For decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stay the number one mortality worldwide. In more details, coronary heart disease or stroke alone caused around 1 of every 6 deaths or 1 of every 19 deaths in the United States in 2010, respectively [1]. The total direct and indirect cost of CVD remains higher than any other diag...

reader for the subsequent complex terrain. The book includes chapters which catalogue topics such as efferent-afferent neuronal circuitry (M. Palkovitz and L. Zaborszky), limbic and brainstem connections (J. Sutin and R. McBride), and Golgi analysis of the major cell types in the hypothalamus (O. Millhouse). It includes a phylogenetic description of the hypothalamic monoamine and acetylcholines...

Sarah J. George, Filomena de Nigris, Andrew H. Baker, Claudio Napoli Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8H, UNITED KINGDOM; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Italy; Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UNITED KINGDOM; Departments of Medicine and Clinical Pathology,...