The heat flux predictions of six different models proposed to explain the nucleate boiling phenomenon are compared with the corresponding heat flux measurements at the same levels of subcooling and acceleration. It is shown that none of these models can adequately predict nucleate boiling heat flux for other than saturated boiling conditions at standard gravity and that all of the models agree ...

8 Definitions 9 Heat flow. The rate of thermal energy transfer in a medium 10 driven either conductively along a thermal gradient or 11 advectively via mass transport. The standard unit is 12 watts, W. The term is also used to describe a subdiscipline 13 of geophysics, as in the title of this entry. 14 Conductive heat flux. The heat flow per unit area diffusing 15 by conduction along a thermal ...

In this paper, the combination of conduction with radiation into a semitransparent medium which includes absorption, emission and scattering has been investigated. In order to Study the conduction in medium, the Non-Fourier heat conduction has been applied. In this model there is a time delay between heat flux and temperature gradient. Also, in contrast with Fourier heat conduction, the speed o...

Heat flux plates are commonly used to measure soil heat flux, a component of the surface energy balance. The plate method is simple and precise, but several previous studies have demonstrated the potential for relatively large errors. Here we present the results of in situ tests of the plate method, and we describe some promising alternative methods. Summertime soil heat flux was measured with ...

The use of forced-air warming is associated with costs for the disposable blankets. As an alternative method, we studied heat transfer with a reusable gel-coated circulating water mattress placed under the back in eight healthy volunteers. Heat flux was measured with six calibrated heat flux transducers. Additionally, mattress temperature, skin temperature, and core temperature were measured. W...

A new simple analytical model for prediction of cooling rate in the solidification process based on the local heat flux density extracted during solidification is introduced. In the modeling procedure, a solidifying control volume is considered in the mushy zone in which a heat balance equation is used to derive the present model. As the local heat flux density is a measurable parameter, the pr...

Two common computational domains used in gyrokinetic turbulence simulations are a local flux-tube and a global whole plasma volume. The effect of a radially varying pressure gradient is found to explain some of the qualitative differences between these two models. It is shown that a coherent purely radial mode is the result of profile variation. In addition, as profile variation is increased, t...

An external transverse-alternating magnetic field with sinusoidal and triangular alternating currents was applied to a combined plasma arc to create a plasma arc for expanding the cross section of arc column and flatting the distributions of arc temperature. Two mathematical models were developed to describe the heat flux density distributions of the combined plasma arc driven by a transverse-a...

Heat flux gauges are one of the devices that are used to determine the heat loads to which high-speed aerospace structures are subjected during flight. Prior to installation, these gauges are calibrated. The calibration system must be well understood if the heat flux gauges are to provide useful data during flight tests. A pseudo three-dimensional model of the radiant heat flux gauge calibratio...

The interaction of thermal radiation with conduction and laminar natural convection in a vertical circular pin, situated at participating gas, is numerically investigated. An absorbing and emitting gas is considered, and treated to be a gray participating media. Under the idealizing of gray gas, the Rosselan4 approximation is employed to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. ...