We capture the well-known off-shell as well as the on-shell nilpotent BecchiRouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry invariance(s) of the Lagrangian densities of the four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) 1-form (non-)Abelian gauge theories within the framework of the superfield formalism. In particular, we provide the geometrical interpretations for (i) the above nilpotent symmetry invariance(s...

An explicit representation of the problem solving method of an expert system shell as abstract control knowledge provides a powerful foundation for learning. This paper describes the abstract control knowledge of the HERACLES expert system shell for heuristic classification problems, and describes how the ODYSSEUS apprenticeship learning program uses this representation to semi-automate “end-ga...

The applicability and limitations of simplified models thin elastic circular cylindrical shells for linear vibrations double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are considered. models, which based on the assumptions membrane moment approximate thin-shell theories, compared with extended Sanders–Koiter shell theory. Actual discrete DWCNTs modelled by means couples concentric equivalent continuous t...

Introduction: Nanoparticles have several exciting applications in various fields of biomedicine. It has been found that among different classes of nanoparticles core/shell is most promising for field of nano-medical imaging and therapy due to their distinct advantages. The core/shell type nanoparticles can be generally comprising of two nanoparticles one act as a core (inner ma...

A bstract Three scalar effective field theories have special properties in terms of non-linear symmetries, soft limits and on-shell constructability that arise from their Goldstone nature: the σ -model, multi-DBI theory Galileon. We discuss how these are related via flavour-kinematics duality, analogous to colour-kinematics duality between gravity gauge theories. At off-shell level, we identify...

We use on-shell Supersymmetry to constrain the three-point function of two massless particles and one massive particle in 3+1 dimensions. this information write down tree-level four-point for $\mathcal{N}=1$, $2$ $4$ theories. In particular, we derive expressions four-photon/gluon amplitudes with higher spin exchange theories $\mathcal{N}=4$

Using quantum electrodynamics as an example, a dependence of physical predictions of quantum field theory in a finite perturbation theory order on the choice of renormalization scheme is studied. It is shown that On-Mass-Shell renormalization scheme is distinguished in quantum electrodynamics not only due to the agreement of the theory predictions with experimental results but also due to a set...

We construct models of Einstein and $f(R)$ gravity with two scalar fields, which admit analytical solutions describing time-varying dynamical black holes. Their thermodynamics is investigated in the adiabatic approximation. In addition to Misner-Sharp-Hernandez quasilocal mass, we provide time-dependent thermodynamical quantities, including Hawking temperature, Helmholtz free energy, entropy, e...