The vaporization enthalpies of a series of heterocyclic compounds some suspected of showing evidence of a higher degree of self-association in comparison to many other nitrogen heterocycles have been measured both by correlation gas chromatography (CGC) and for comparison by transpiration. The compounds share some structural similarities. They include 2- and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, 1,5-d...

We studied the single photon ionization of gas phase adenine and cytosine by means of vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation coupled to a velocity map imaging electron∕ion coincidence spectrometer. Both in-vacuum temperature-controlled oven and aerosol thermodesorption were successfully applied to promote the intact neutral biological species into the gas phase. The photoion yields are consis...

The present paper reviews the methodologies for representing the droplet motion and vaporization history in two-phase flow computations. The focus is on the use of droplet models that are realistic in terms of their efficient implementation in comprehensive spray simulations, representation of important physical processes, and applicability under a broad range of conditions. The methodologies a...

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the GreenLight Laser SimTM for resident education in a multi institutional study using a structured curriculum. Materials and Methods: Residents from two tertiary care hospitals participated in this study. The curriculum included four SIM modules and four SIM cases on the GreenLight Laser SimTM. Participants of various training levels we...

The unique opportunities and features of high temperature mass spectrometric method for study vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of oxide systems and materials (glasses, ceramics and coatings) were considered. Various types of vapour species were found over oxide systems studied such as the associated, dissociated and polymerized products of vaporization. The regularities of th...

A computational study of turbulent evaporating sprays is reported. The major focus is to study the structure of turbulent evaporating sprays and to examine the sensitivity of their vaporization behavior to transient liquid-phase processes. Three models considered to represent these processes are the thin-skin, infinite-diffusion, and diffusionlimit models. Favre-averaged equations with a k-s-g ...

Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) is a very powerful technique for studying the vaporization thermodynamics of inorganic systems at high temperatures. Although primarily one examines the vapor phase, information about condensed phases are also obtained through careful measurements and analysis of the results in accordance with the phase rule. In this paper, we have shown the capability ...

A Carnot type engine with a changing phase during the heating and the cooling is modeled with its thermal contact with the heat source. In a first optimization, the optimal high temperature of the cycle is determined to maximize the power output. The temperature and the mass flow rate of the heat source are given. This does not take into account the converter internal fluid and its mass flow ra...

This work presents a flow analysis method for direct quantitation of calcium carbonate in cement without pretreatment of the sample. The method is based on online vaporization of CO(2) gas following acidification of the sample inside a small chamber that has a flow of acceptor solution passing around it. Solubilization of the CO(2) gas into the acceptor stream changes the conductivity of the ac...