The sensitivity of Earth's climate to an external radiative forcing depends critically on the response of water vapor. We use the global cooling and drying of the atmosphere that was observed after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo to test model predictions of the climate feedback from water vapor. Here, we first highlight the success of the model in reproducing the observed drying after the volca...

Recent progress in modelling the solvent vapor annealing of thin film block copolymers is examined in the context of a self-consistent field theory framework. Key control variables in determining the final microdomain morphologies include swelling ratio or swollen film solvent volume fraction, swollen film thickness, substrate and vapor atmosphere surface energies, effective volume fraction, an...

A new lidar instrument has been developed to measure tropospheric ozone and water vapor at low altitude. The lidar uses Raman scattering of an UV beam from atmospheric nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor to retrieve ozone and water-vapor vertical profiles. By numerical simulation we investigate the sensitivity of the method to both atmospheric and device perturbations. The aerosol optical effect ...

The solution of a boundary–value problem formulated for the Kretschmann configuration shows that the phase speed of a surface–plasmon–polariton (SPP) wave guided by the planar interface of a sufficiently thin metal film and a sculptured thin film (STF) depends on the vapor incidence angle used while fabricating the STF by physical vapor deposition. Furthermore, it may be possible to engineer th...

Delay of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal due to atmospheric water vapor is a major source of error in GPS surveying. Improved vertical accuracy is important for sea level and polar isostasy measurements, geodesy, normal fault motion, subsidence, earthquake studies, air and ground-based gravimetry, ice dynamics, and volcanology. We conducted a GPS survey using water vapor radiometers ...

We describe the design and testing of a new all-metal differential ebulliometer which is capable of working in the range 230 to 400 K at pressures to 3 MPa. It can be used to measure pure fluid vapor pressures and P ,T,x,y and infinite dilution activity coefficient data for binary mixtures. Tests for superheating and adjustments for condensed vapor holdup are described. Results are shown for pu...

A novel scheme is presented for production of a thin (< 1 mm) uniform vapor layer over a large surface area (> 100 cm 2) by pulsed laser ablation of a solid surface. Instead of dispersing the laser energy uniformly over the surface, a modified Fabry-Perot interferometer is employed to concentrate the laser energy in very narrow closely-spaced concentric rings. This approach may be optimized to ...

We perform computer simulations of the quasiliquid layer of ice formed at the ice-vapor interface close to the ice Ih-liquid-vapor triple point of water. Our study shows that the two distinct surfaces bounding the film behave at small wavelengths as atomically rough and independent ice-water and water-vapor interfaces. For long wavelengths, however, the two surfaces couple, large scale parallel...

An alternative Chemical Vapor Doping (CVDo) method for doping transparent and conductive films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. The different effects between the traditional solution doping process and the proposed vapor doping method are compared in detail by means of optical microscopy, SEM, sheet resistance measurements, and Raman and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. It was shown that the le...

The comparison of the integrated precipitable water vapor (IPWV) retrieved by GPS, microwave radiometer, solar spectrometer and radiosondes, operated within the French field campaign ESCOMPTE, shows an overall good agreement. The time dependent relative fluctuation as well as the absolute amount of water vapor match with high accuracy. The software package AWATOS (Atmospheric WAter vapor TOmogr...