Van Creveld begins his analysis by distinguishing between governments and states. In his view (1999, p. 1): “The state ... is an abstract entity which can be neither seen, nor heard, nor touched. This entity is not identical with either the rulers or the ruled; neither President Clinton, nor citizen Smith, nor even an assembly of all the citizens acting in common can claim that they are the sta...

Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is a skeletal dysplasia, characterized by short limbs, postaxial polydactyly, and dental abnormalities. EvC syndrome is also categorized as a ciliopathy because of ciliary localization of proteins encoded by the two causative genes, EVC and EVC2 (aka LIMBIN). While recent studies demonstrated important roles for EVC/EVC2 in Hedgehog signaling, there is still lit...

During the summer of 2013 seven Italian Tyrolean Grey calves were born with abnormally short limbs. Detailed clinical and pathological examination revealed similarities to chondrodysplastic dwarfism. Pedigree analysis showed a common founder, assuming autosomal monogenic recessive transmission of the defective allele. A positional cloning approach combining genome wide association and homozygos...

BACKGROUND The genu valgum deformity seen in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is one of the most severe angular deformities seen in any orthopaedic condition. It is likely a combination of a primary genetic-based dysplasia of the lateral portion of the tibial plateau combined with severe soft-tissue contractures that tether the tibia into valgus deformations. Progressive weight-bearing induces ch...

Cor triloculare biventriculare is a rare congenital malformation of the heart in which there is a complete absence of the atrial septum. It is usually associated with other anomalies like complete atrioventricular canal defect, polysplenic syndrome, isolated dextrocardia, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, or persistent left superior vena cava. We report a case of a stillborn male foetus of 35 weeks g...

The presence of supernumerary teeth, also known as hyperdontia, is the condition of having teeth in addition to the regular number of teeth. The occurrence of multiple supernumerary teeth is often found in association with syndromes such as Gardner syndrome, Anderson-Fabry disease, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, and Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. ...