v 1 An Introduction to Label Placement 1 1.1 Historic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 . . . and Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.5 Future Development . . . . . . . . . ....

Parametric, model-based algorithms learn generative models from the data, with each model corresponding to one particular cluster. Accordingly, the model-based partitional algorithm will select the most suitable model for any data object (Clustering step), and will recompute parametric models using data specifically from the corresponding clusters (Maximization step). This Clustering-Maximizati...

A novel maximum likelihood solution to the problem of identifying parameters of a nonlinear model under missing observations is presented. An expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, which uses the expected value of the complete log-likelihood function including the missing observations, is developed. The expected value of the complete log-likelihood (E-step) in the EM algorithm is approximated...

Using a large sample of mergers in the U.S., we examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) creates value for acquiring firms’ shareholders. We find that compared to low CSR acquirers, high CSR acquirers realize higher merger announcement returns, higher announcement returns on the valueweighted portfolio of the acquirer and the target, and larger increases in post-merger long-term op...

Recent work in neuroeconomics has shown that regions in orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex encode the subjective value of different options during choice. However, these electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies cannot demonstrate whether such signals are necessary for value-maximizing choices. Here we used a paradigm developed in experimental economics to empirically measure and qu...