Consumption of meat is continuously increasing worldwide. Although consumption of meat is increasing world wide the significant portion of meat and meat products are spoiled every year. The significant portion of this loss is due to microbial spoilage (Heinz and Hautzinger, 2007). Chilling is critical for meat hygiene, safety, shelf life, appearance and nutritional quality (Zhou et al,, 2010). ...

This study was performed to investigate the possibility of the addition of mugwort herb extract (MH) and vitamin C (VC) alone (0.05%) and in combination (0.05% each) on shelf-life of seasoned pork. The combination of VC+MH demonstrated a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and volatile basic nitrogen in seasoned pork. Also, the pH values, total lactic acid concentr...

The use of carbon monoxide (CO) in fresh fish has generated considerable debate. Carbon monoxide is used to treat fresh fish in order to retain its fresh red appearance for a longer period. It reacts with the oxy-myoglobin to form a fairly stable cherry red carboxy-myoglobin complex that may mask spoilage, because the CO-complex can be stable beyond the microbiological shelf life of the meat. T...

Blown pack spoilage (BPS) is a major issue for the beef industry. Etiological agents of BPS involve members of a group of Clostridium species, including Clostridium estertheticum which has the ability to produce gas, mostly carbon dioxide, under anaerobic psychotrophic growth conditions. This spore-forming bacterium grows slowly under laboratory conditions, and it can take up to 3 months to pro...

We formed gold nanowires using electron-beam irradiation in an ultrahigh vacuum electron microscope. The dimensions of these nanowires were 0.8–3 nm in thickness and 5–10 nm in length. The nanowires showed lasting stability. We propose a structure model for a nanowire with a thickness of 2 nm. The model is represented by a hexagonal prism; the surface layer of the prism has a hexagonalclose-pac...

Two dimensional island arrays and honeycomb patterns consisting of ZnO nanocrystal clusters were fabricated on predefined TiO(2) seed patterns prepared by vacuum free, aerosol assisted wet-chemical synthesis. The TiO(2) seed patterns were prepared by applying an aerosol of a water soluble titanium complex on hexagonally close-packed polystyrene bead arrays for different lengths of time. Scannin...

Here we present a planar patch clamp chip based on biomimetic cell membrane fusion. This architecture uses nanometer length-scale surface patterning to replicate the structure and function of membrane proteins, creating a gigaohm seal between the cell and a planar electrode array. The seal is generated passively during cell spreading, without the application of a vacuum to the cell surface. Thi...

Arrays of ideally ordered alumina nanochannels with unprecedented ,10 nm pore size, 40–50 nm interpore spacing, and improved channel uniformity have been fabricated by anodizing an aluminum substrate with a guiding pattern on its surface. The pattern is an array of hexagonally close-packed concaves fabricated by focused ion beam direct sputtering; and its lattice constant is carefully matched t...

The self-assembly of 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (BTB) molecules on both Cu(111) and epitaxial graphene grown on Cu(111) were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. On Cu(111), the BTB molecules were found to mainly arrange in close-packed structures through H-bonding between the (partially) deprotonated carb...