AIM To explore the role of killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) genes in responsiveness or non-responsiveness to vaccination against hepatitis B virus. METHODS We recruited 101 voluntary participants between March 2010 and December 2011. Sera samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated participants were tested for the presence of anti-HBs antibodies as a measure of protection against hepatitis...

Fundamental rights are probably given back earlier to COVID-19 vaccinated individuals assuming that they cannot spread SARS-CoV-2 anymore. The objective of the study was determine if can still be source transmission. PubMed searched for studies on 4 April 2021. All with original data cases among (phase III RCTs) and viral load in upper respiratory tract macaques after a challenge were included....

Mass vaccination has the potential to curb current COVID-19 pandemic by protecting individuals who have been vaccinated against disease and possibly lowering likelihood of transmission not vaccinated. The high effectiveness widely administered BNT162b vaccine from Pfizer–BioNTech in preventing only but also infection with SARS-CoV-2 suggests a for population-level effect, which is critical erad...

Introduction of MMR vaccine was believed to have resulted in a decline in the incidence of measles, mumps and rubella infections. However, recent reports suggest the re-emergence of mumps infection worldwide in the vaccinated populations. It was proposed that the reason for this re-emergence was poor efficacy of MMR vaccine. The present study was aimed to investigate mumps infection in MMR vacc...

background and aims: the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccination programs in chickens. materials and methods and results: in the present study, 225 day-old broiler chicks divided into 5 groups. the groups were submitted to vaccinations, except for the non-vaccinated control group. the chickens in the groups 1 were kept as...

Often, vaccination programs are carried out based on self-interest rather than being mandatory. Owing to the perceptions about risks associated with vaccines and the ‘herd immunity’ effect, it may provide suboptimal vaccination coverage for the population as a whole. In this case, some subsidy policies may be offered by the government to promote vaccination coverage. But, not all subsidy polici...