learning vocabulary constitutes a crucial step in language learning. amongst different word categories, compound words have failed to attract the attention they deserve. this led us to conduct a study trying to pinpoint the difficulties learning these words and to suggest some techniques facilitating their acquisition. to that effect, a questionnaire as well as a vocabu-lary test were given to ...

This paper (1) appraises The Chronicle of Philanthropy’s widely disseminated and reported indices ranking states on their relative level of charitable giving, and (2) presents a different set of rankings based on a more valid research methodology, what we call the CWP (Center on Wealth and Philanthropy) Index. Our more precise methods raise important questions for the community of nonprofit sch...

Computing with Words (CW) methodology has been used in several different environments to narrow the differences between human reasoning and computing. As Decision Making is a typical human mental process, it seems natural to apply the CW methodology in order to create and enrich decision models in which the information that is provided and manipulated has a qualitative nature. In this paper we ...

Computing with words (CWW) techniques have been shown to be useful in the management of imperfect information. From the programmer’s standpoint, new tools are necessary to ease the use of these techniques within current programming platforms. This paper presents a step in this direction by describing a general framework that supports the implementation of applications dealing with fuzzy objects...

College students often listen to music while they use a computer. This experiment investigated whether background music disrupts their ability to word process ̄uently and e€ectively. Forty-®ve psychology undergraduates wrote brief expository essays. Background music signi®cantly disrupted writing ̄uency (words generated per minute controlling for typing speed and including those words deleted b...