Despite tremendous progress in the field of Visual Question Answering, models today still tend to be inconsistent and brittle. Thus, we propose a model-independent cyclic framework which increases consistency robustness any VQA architecture. We train our answer original question, generate an implication based on then learn generated correctly. As part framework, novel generator generates implie...

Abstract Learning through the internet becomes popular that facilitates learners to learn anything, anytime, anywhere from web resources. Assessment is most important in any learning system. An assessment system can find self-learning gaps of and improve progress learning. The manual question generation takes much time labor. Therefore, automatic resources primary task an automated This paper p...

We address the problem of repairing large-scale biological networks and corresponding yet often discrepant measurements in order to predict unobserved variations. To this end, we propose a range of different operations for altering experimental data and/or a biological network in order to reestablish their mutual consistency—an indispensable prerequisite for automated prediction. For accomplish...

In this paper, we describe our experimentations in answer formulation for question-answering (QA) systems. In the context of QA, answer formulation can serve two purposes: improving answer extraction or improving human-computer interaction (HCI). Each purpose has different precision/recall requirements. We present our experiments for both purposes and argue that formulations of better linguisti...

The German question answering (QA) system IRSAW (formerly: InSicht) participated in QA@CLEF for the fifth time. IRSAW was introduced in 2007 by integrating the deep answer producer InSicht, several shallow answer producers, and a logical validator. InSicht builds on a deep QA approach: it transforms documents to semantic representations using a parser, draws inferences on semantic representatio...

The present study addresses the following question: if among a group of decision making units, the decision maker is required to increase inputs and outputs to a particular unit in which the DMU, with respect to other DMUs, maintains or improves its current efficiencylevel, how much should the inputs and outputs of the DMU increase? This question is considered as a problem of inverse data envel...

What is the importance of cooperativity? That depends on the system, but let’s take hemoglobin. Hemoglobin’s mission is to pick up a large amount of oxygen in the lungs, where the oxygen concentration (or partial pressure) is about 100 torr, and then drop off a good fraction of it in the peripheral tissues where the oxygen concentration is about 20 torr. Cooperativity helps make this transport ...

Each day, millions of people ask questions and search for answers on the World Wide Web. Due to this, the Internet has grown to a world wide database of questions and answers, accessible to almost everyone. Since this database is so huge, it is hard to find out whether a question has been answered or even asked before. As a consequence, users are asking the same questions again and again, produ...