Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) describes a rare infectious disease with destructive granulomatous process. The literature contains few cases of bilateral XGP and no due to Staphylococcus schleiferi; we diagnosed it the advance at imaging bacterial identification systems technology. This is case 22-year-old female our emergency department complaining abdominal pain, nausea, emesis, dys...

Context: Urolithiasis (UL) is one of the most common diseases, with worldwide increasing incidence and prevalence. The pathogenesis of calcium oxalate (CaOx) UL, which accounts for>80% of all urinary stones, is only incompletely understood. Objective: Our aim was to review trends in epidemiology and current concepts for the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of urinary stone disease. Evidence acq...

Urethral stones can become impacted in the posterior urethra, typically presenting with varying degrees of acute urinary retention and lower urinary tract symptoms. These are traditionally treated in the inpatient setting, with external urethrotomy or endoscopic push-back of the calculus into the urinary bladder followed by cystolitholapaxy or cystolithotripsy. However, these methods are invasi...

BACKGROUND Vaginal stones may form in the setting of mesh exposure with urinary incontinence. This report serves to help understand the presentation, evaluation, and management of vaginal urinary stones. CASE A 68-year-old female presented with a vaginal calculus. She had a history of anterior and posterior polypropylene mesh placement for prolapse 7 years earlier and urinary incontinence. Th...

Urinary stone disease is the third most common condition affecting the urinary tract. It contributes to a great deal of morbidity for both men and women, and cost the United States (US) over 5.3 billion dollars in 2000 alone. Moreover, it is associated with systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and other components of the metabolic syndrome. Reciprocally, these systemic diseases may...

BACKGROUND Melamine-contaminated milk powder was the cause of the 2008 outbreak of urolithiasis in young children and infants in China, but the prognosis of these children remains unknown. We hypothesized that urolithiasis induced by melamine-contaminated milk powder may be associated with secondary renal injury. METHODS A total of 8335 children (≤6 years old) with a history of consuming mela...

Young Aboriginal children in remote regions of tropical and desert Australia are at risk of developing urate stones in their upper urinary tract from an early age. These radiolucent calculi were only recognized with the availability of ultrasound diagnosis and are not associated with anatomic anomalies or abnormal uric acid production/metabolism. Although these stones appear to resolve spontane...

PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study is to assess the safety and efficiency of a novel lithotripsy method for endoscopic treatment of urinary stones throughout the urinary tract via semi-rigid and flexible endoscopes. This new method is based on the transfer of nanosecond high voltage electric pulses to the stones through flexible probes of various sizes. METHODS The study involved 879 ...

PURPOSE Urinary stasis is a risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Homozygous mutant Megabladder (Mgb-/-) mice exhibit incomplete bladder emptying as a consequence of congenital detrusor aplasia. We hypothesize that this predisposes Mgb-/- mice to spontaneous and experimental UTI. METHODS Mgb-/-, Mgb+/-, and wild-type female mice underwent serial ultrasound and urine culture...