objective(s):pentoxifylline is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent and is used in vascular disorders. it has been shown that pentoxifylline inhibits proinflammatory [d1] cytokines production. the purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on the treatment of autoimmune diabetes in mice. materials and methods: diabetes was induced by multiple l...

introduction: based on human studies, inequality and social injustice have adverse effects on the individual and community health. in this study, the effects of food intake inequality and social status changes on pain perception and immunological factors were investigated in balb/c mice. methods: the present study was conducted by implementing different social stresses including food deprivatio...

background: preeclampsia (pe) is one of the most complex and life-threatening pregnancy disorders and is considered as a major cause of mortality among mothers and fetuses worldwide. although the exact etiology of pe is not well known several lines of evidence support an immunological etiology for pe. objective: to investigate the differences in the expression of tlrs 2, 4, 5, and 6 and a group...

botulinum toxin (bt) is a potent presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent which induces selective, reversible muscle weakness for months when injected intramuscularly.during recent years bt has revolutionized the treatment of previously intractable symptoms of detrusor overactivity. based on a systematic search of the pubmed database,a review of the current literature on the use of onabotulinum...

foreign bodies in lower urinary tract may present in a different number of ways. we report four cases of such unusual presentation. physical examination and plain radiograph was sufficient enough to confirm our diagnosis in all cases. the cases belonged to different age groups and three out of four cases were managed by open surgical approach. one foreign body was removed using cystoscope. prom...

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential electrolyte for living organisms. It the fourth most abundant mineral in body. Although Mg usually found hard water and high-fiber diets, wide use of soft refined flour impose people at risk deficiency. Imbalances status deficiency may result a variety complications associated with immune, cardiovascular, urinary, nervous, respiratory systems. Because important ro...

background: although the imbalance of cytokines in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) is well known, there is scarce data regarding its occurrence during dysplasia, before the malignant transformation. objective: to determine whether laryngeal dysplasia patients show a different cytokine profile than patients with cancer and healthy controls. methods: seventeen newly diagnosed, untre...

abstract background b cells play an important role in the immune system due to production of the immunoglobulin and secreting several cytokines. it has been shown that b cells produced successfully in the presence of stem cell factor (scf) and flt3 ligand (flt3l). il2, il7, and il15 cytokines as  -common family have an essential cytokines may support either synergistically or in an additi...

background: endometrial secretion analysis is a non-invasive and promising method in evaluation of endometrial receptivity. objective: the aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the success rate of ivf procedures and some endometrial secretion cytokines, including interleukin-1β (il-1β), tumor necrosis factor (tnf-α), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (ip-10), and mon...

bronchial asthma is a multifactorial disease whereby both environmental and genetic factors contribute to its aetiology and/or clinical severity. the aim of this study was to examine the association of 22 cytokine gene polymorphism in the macedonian population with bronchial asthma (ba). the sample of the population comprised of 301 normal unrelated individuals and 74 patients with ba. cytokine...