Since the early 1970s, there has been a growing understanding that the form and function typical to many urban areas is unsustainable. Significant problems are evident in many urban areas today, such as air, water, and noise pollution, lack of green/open spaces, and inefficient transport systems. Given urban areas are home to around half the world's population, it is vital that efforts are made...

Growing tendency for Urbanization and rapid development of the cities has resulted in urban neighborhoods obstructing the access of each other to the natural sources e.g. solar energy, natural ventilation. Sunlight as the main part of input energy in urban energy balance equation and natural lighting is of vital importance. This paper attempts to achieve an optimum morphology for residential bl...

human’s disregard to nature and consequently his living environment’s distance from natural endowments and potentials have caused many problems. human’s living spaces are less desirable for him, and have destroyed his comfort in many cases, as man-made things. in this regard, public open spaces in residential areas can be mentioned because they are usually considered among the most vulnerable s...

plants as the life giving entities have important role in mental and physical health of human. in the modern time with expansion of the cities and increase  of industrial centers and living style change and decrease of social negligence about green spaces as the factor for mental diseases, altogether have been propounded for many psychologists and physicians. in this way considering green space...

lighting plays a key role in night escapes of urban spaces, in a way that it can be effective in giving identity to them. by considering this importance and inexistence of a process for composing urban lighting strategy made this study to be conducted by the objective of providing process for compilation of context-oriented lighting strategy in urban spaces. reaching a suitable solution for lig...

Biodiversity underlies many of the ecosystem services demanded by humans. For cities, the design of ‘green infrastructures’ or ‘nature-based solutions’ has been proposed to maintain the provisioning of these services and the preservation of biodiversity. It is unclear, however, how such green infrastructure can be implemented, given existing planning practices that generally ignore biodiversity...

In the current period, followed by the industrial revolution, the damaging effects of the one-dimensional attitude towards the environment caused by human have had countless hazards. To cope with these risks, the respect and protection of environmental values has attracted today's urban human attention once again and the issues about the human right to a decent, safe and healthy environment whi...