Although urban planning has used computer models and information systems since the 1950s and architectural practice has recently restructured to the use of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer drafting software, urban design has hardly been touched by the digital world. This is about to change as very fine scale spatial data relevant to such design becomes routinely available, as 2dimension...

Purpose. The purpose of this research was to collect data to inform intervention strategies to optimise body composition in South African preschool children. Methods. Data were collected in urban and rural settings. Weight status, physical activity, and gross motor skill assessments were conducted with 341 3-6-year-old children, and 55 teachers and parents/caregivers participated in focus group...

importance of security and sense of peace is a one of the most important factors of urban environment. therefore, the necessity of security in urban spaces has caused the emergence of authentic theories like defensible spaces and crime prevention through environment design (cpted)*. in this paper, various literatures related to defensible space theories have been reviewed and the related keywor...

This paper presents a literature review on urban design indicators addressing the impact of urban geometry and vegetation on the outdoor thermal environment at the pedestrian level, as urban geometry and vegetation have been regarded as the most influential urban design factors that affect outdoor microclimate. The thermal balance concept is first introduced to elaborate how each component of e...

In this work, we present TRI-DIRECT, an interactive visual analytic system with capabilities to analyze spatio-temporal data for both professional and novice users. The system is motivated by the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) program of US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its associated datasets; the TRI program was created in 1986 to track toxic chemical usage, which includes release,...

Methodology A cross sectional study in Turkey, including both rural and urban population, carried out from October 2011 till January 2012. A total of 540 heads of household were selected using multi stage random sampling. Data was collected using structured self-administered questionnaire. The tools used was modified 16-item Quality of Care Through the Patients’ Eyes (QUOTE) questionnaire. QUOT...

This paper maps out the design space of urban locationrelated mood self-tracking as starting point for individual and urban reflection: What are the benefits for key stakeholders, and what are system design options? Data-driven reflection here means that reflection is based on data; in this instance taking mood related to public spaces as starting point for reflection, but “attaching” to mood a...

The eruption of the volcano in Iceland has proven once again that while we have increasing control over the environment, we are becoming more dependent and painfully aware that we are at its mercy. In fact, we have been making major efforts to address this issue for almost four decades, ever since sustainability was introduced as an environmental concept. Researchers have been constructing the ...

This emergy-based urban economic account provided a historical portrait of the urban economy and its structures to understand the overload of the biosphere`s assimilative capacity. The basic situation of the urban economy, involving the indigenous resources base, emergy consumption patterns, emergy exports and imports, were investigated, accounted and discussed. Using a series of ratios and ind...

to evaluate the efficacy of vineland adaptive behavior scales in iranian population, this scale was applied to 360 normal subjects in 15 age groups from birth to 18 years and 11 months. in urban and rural areas of kerman. it was also filled for 40 mentally retarded individuals from variuos age groups. findings show that all domains of this scale have significant reliability for iranian populati...