Adverbs can express a speaker’s attitude in a given situation on a specific matter. We constructed an adverb dictionary in which the attitude of the speaker is described. We also looked into whether or not adverbs could effectively be used as basic data to analyze reputations. We conducted three kinds of experiments to verify how effective and precise our dictionary was. First, we calculated th...

Over the past 20 years, understanding of the functioning of urban ecosystems has increased to the point where fairly sophisticated models of various subsystems have been developed by scientists working for federal, state, and local agencies, often in cooperation with university researchers. Each is designed to collect data and explore a specific urban/environmental system for issues related to ...

Data from Berlin (Germany) show a significant correlation between the increase in the stork population around the city and the increase in deliveries outside city hospitals (out-of-hospital deliveries). However, there is no correlation between deliveries in hospital buildings (clinical deliveries) and the stork population. The decline in the number of pairs of storks in the German state of Lowe...

In this paper, we propose an experimental extmction method of character strings from house map images, using tlie block information. Our method consists of two steps: the first is to recognize the block information, and the second is to extract character strings with respect to the recognized block i n f o n a tion. In comparison with urban maps, which have often been investigated for extractio...

Rapid urbanization has made the inner city change quickly with the urban sprawl of the whole city. In China, a mass of urban renewal projects have been carried out for meeting the new need of people’s life. However, the traditional means of total renewal has destroyed the urban heritage seriously, which especially led to the diminishing of historical district space. It is urgent to protect and ...

Purpose Urban consolidation centres (UCCs) are often conceived to improve services in retail stores and potentially reduce costs. However, few studies have examined how retail stores perceive the services a UCC could provide. The purpose of this article is to explore retail stores’ potential demands for different services that a UCC could provide in order to foster the development and implement...

Social workers delivering services in health care settings face unique challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this study was to solicit input from social workers employed in urban hospitals about their perceptions of the roles, contribution, and professional functioning of social work in a rapidly changing health care environment. Using qualitative methods, the university and hospital-bas...

Urban density must be considered a key concept in the description of a city’s urban spatial structure. Countless studies have provided evidence of a close relationship between built density and activity densities, on the one hand, and urban environmental conditions or social practices, on the other hand. However, despite the concept’s common use in urban research, urban density is a rather fuzz...

Urban residents are at risk of health-related illness during extreme heat events but the dangers are not equal in all parts of a city. Previous studies have found a relationship between physical characteristics of neighborhoods and the number of emergency medical response (EMR) calls. We used a human energy budget model to test the effects of landscape modifications that are designed to cool th...

This paper describes the conversion of TüBa-D/Z, one of the major German constituency treebanks, to Universal Dependencies. Besides the automatic conversion process, we describe manual annotation of a small part of the treebank based on the UD annotation scheme for the purposes of evaluating the automatic conversion. The automatic conversion shows fairly high agreement with the manual annotations.