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Despite the widespread use of the apnea-hypopnea index in research, its scientific and statistical properties have not been examined thoroughly. The index may be viewed either as a rate (number of events per hour of sleep) or as a ratio of two variables (number of events/number of hours of sleep). When considered as a rate, the apnea-hypopnea index may be modeled as the dependent variable, prov...

Ligand engagement by the receptor Fas leads to apoptosis. A clue to how this happens comes from the discovery that ligand binding leads to recruitment to Fas of a protease, homologous to interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, likely to initiate a proteolytic cascade that drives apoptosis.

this paper proposes an approach for the minimum time swing upof a rotary inverted pendulum. our rotary inverted pendulum is supported bya pivot arm. the pivot arm rotates in a horizontal plane by means of a servomotor. the opposite end of the arm is instrumented with a joint whose axisis along the radial direction of the motor. a pendulum is suspended at thejoint. the task is to design a contro...