The in situ lengths of muscle bundles of the crural and three regions of the costal diaphragm between origin and insertion were determined with a video roentgenographic technique in dogs. At total lung capacity (TLC) in both the prone and supine positions, the length of the diaphragm is not significantly different from the unstressed excised length, suggesting that the diaphragm is not under te...

English lexical stress is multidimensional in nature and acoustically related to combination of fundamental frequency (F0), duration, intensity and vowel quality. Errors in any or all of these correlates could interfere with perception of the stress contrast, but it is unknown which correlates are most difficult for Bengali speakers to acquire. This study compares the use of these correlates in...

the effect of alkyl substituents on the c-phenyl and/or the n-phenyl ring of benzophenylhydroxamic acid on their molecular structure and hydrogen bonding has been investigated. the predominant configuration in chcl3 is determined by steric and electronic effects. substituents on the c-phenyl ring favor the cis configuration, while substituents in the n-phenyl ring favor a trans configuration. t...

A new experimental approach reveals a bet hedging strategy in unstressed, clonal yeast cells, whereby they adopt a range of growth states that correlate with expression of a trehalose-synthesis regulator and predict resistance to future stress.

BACKGROUND Specific alternation of rhythm in temperature (SART)-stressed rats, an animal model of autonomic imbalance, exhibit low blood pressure and tachycardia during consciousness and under anesthesia. In addition, these rats easily develop orthostatic hypotension (OH) as a response to postural manipulation. Hence, we studied the influence of the adrenalin α1-receptor agonist phenylephrine o...

The equilibrium pressure obtained during simultaneous occlusion of hepatic vascular inflow and outflow was taken as the reference estimate of hepatic vascular distending pressure (P(hd)). P(hd) at baseline was 1.1 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SE) mmHg higher than hepatic vein pressure (P(hv)) and 0.7 +/- 0.3 mmHg lower than portal vein pressure (P(pv)). Norepinephrine (NE) infusion increased P(hd) by 1. 5...

Social stress has been implicated as a cause of urinary bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction in humans. Using a murine model of social stress, we and others have shown that social stress leads to bladder overactivity. Here, we show that social stress leads to bladder overactivity, increased bladder compliance, and increased afferent nerve activity. In the social stress paradigm, 6-wk-old male C5...

This study examines the acoustic correlates of relative prominence in connected Mandarin speech, particularly those acoustic manifestations that reveal an interaction between stressed and unstressed syllables. The acoustic measurements are primarily concerned with segment duration, intensity, and F0. This study shows that: (1) stressed CV syllables have significantly longer consonant and vowel ...

Evaluating corticosterone (CORT) responses to stress in free-living vertebrates requires knowing the unstressed titers prior to capture. Based upon laboratory data, the assumption has been that samples collected in less than 3 min of capture will reflect these unstressed concentrations. This assumption was tested for six species using samples collected from 945 individuals at 0-6 min after capt...

This paper examines a particular kind of phonetic variation observed in the realization of articles and clitics in a dialect of Southern Italy. The examined bound morphs consist of single unstressed vowels, which appear to be phonologically underspecified with regard to height. The spectral characteristics of 157 tokens show that these vocalic segments form a continuum ranging from high to mid ...