background and objective : sleep disorders are common medical problems in most of the communities. however, medical students and general practitioners (gps) do not have enough information about sleep disorders. the aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of gps in the field of sleep disorders in iran. materials and methods : in this cross-sectional questio...

background defensive medicine prompts physicians not to admit high-risk patients who need intensive care. this phenomenon not only decreases the quality of healthcare services, but also wastes scarce health resources. defensive medicine occurs in negative and positive forms. hence, the present study aimed to determine frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors and their und...

background: for medical students, the selection of a specialty is one of the most critical decisions to be made. on a personal level, it determines lifetime career achievements and, for the community, it directly affects the outcome of public health programs. the aim of this study was to investigate which factors were more important among iranian residents when considering a specialty. methods:...

Two decades ago service-learning as an innovation lingered on the periphery of the academy. Today, service-learning has spread across American higher education. Few educational innovations have achieved such relatively rapid success. This article describes the historical and philosophical underpinnings of service-learning. It notes some of the significant debates that have occurred among its pr...

Many studies have been conducted on the ways of promoting willingness to communicate in learners in EFL/ESL contexts. While different scholars have undertaken studies on many of these variables, few of these studies have aimed at EFL university students in Iran. This study reports on the role of international posture and perceived communication behavior on Iranian EFL learners’ communication in...

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) are being used more and more by general practitioners (GPs) in their day-to-day activities. While a number of studies have shown that ICT adoption and use can provide real benefits to medical practices, there have been few studies to determine whether the perception of those benefits is uniform across the sector. This study examines whether dif...

The PEARL II portable laboratory computer integrates hardware and software to serve as an on-line, realtime, experimental control and data acquisition system. Although the system can be used in many areas of research, PEARL II development has emphasized investigation of physiological responses from human subjects performing complex experimental tasks. PEARL functions as a "turn-key" system whic...