Biological RNA is a uniform polymer in three senses: it uses nucleotides of a single chirality; it uses only ribose sugars and four nucleobases rather than a mixture of other sugars and bases; and it uses only 3'-5' bonds rather than a mixture of different bond types. We suppose that prebiotic chemistry would generate a diverse mixture of potential monomers, and that random polymerization would...

Stochastic optimization methods have been extensively studied in recent years. In some classification scenarios such as text document categorization, unbiased methods such as uniform sampling have negative effects on the convergence rate, because of the effects of the potential outlier data points on the estimator. Consequently, it would take more iterations to converge to the optimal value for...

Based on previous results on periodic non-uniform sampling (Multi-Coset) and using the well known Non-Uniform Fourier Transform through Bartlett's method for Power Spectral Density estimation, we propose a new smart sampling scheme named the Dynamic Single Branch Non-uniform Sampler. The idea of our scheme is to reduce the average sampling frequency, the number of samples collected, and consequ...

The general nonautonomous n-species Lotka–Volterra cooperative systems with varying-time delays are studied. Sufficient conditions for the uniform strong persistence, uniform weak average persistence, uniform strong average persistence, and extinction of populations are obtained by applying the method of Liapunov functionals. Particularly, when the intrinsic growth rate of a species is nonposit...

Rate of heat transfer ∂u = (1) −K0 area ∂x where K0 is the thermal conductivity, units [K0] = MLT U . In other words, heat is transferred from areas of high temp to low temp. 3. Conservation of energy. Consider a uniform rod of length l with non-uniform temperature lying on the x-axis from x = 0 to x = l. By uniform rod, we mean the density ρ, specific heat c, thermal conductivity K0, cross-sec...

Rate of heat transfer ∂u = (1) −K0 area ∂x where K0 is the thermal conductivity, units [K0] = MLT U . In other words, heat is transferred from areas of high temp to low temp. 3. Conservation of energy. Consider a uniform rod of length l with non-uniform temperature lying on the x-axis from x = 0 to x = l. By uniform rod, we mean the density ρ, specific heat c, thermal conductivity K0, cross-sec...

in this paper, global uniform exponential stability of perturbed dynamical systemsis studied by using lyapunov techniques. the system presents a perturbation term which isbounded by an integrable function with the assumption that the nominal system is globallyuniformly exponentially stable. some examples in dimensional two are given to illustrate theapplicability of the main results.

Distributed gossip algorithm has been studied in literature for practical implementation of the distributed consensus algorithm as a fundamental algorithm for the purpose of in-network collaborative processing. This paper focuses on optimizing the convergence rate of the gossip algorithm for both classical and quantum networks. A novel model of the gossip algorithm with non-uniform clock distri...