Accurate estimation of concentration changes in muscles by continuous wave near-IR spectroscopy for muscle measurements suffers from underestimation and crosstalk problems due to the presence of superficial skin and fat layers. Underestimation error is basically caused by a homogeneous medium assumption in the calculations leading to the partial volume effect. The homogeneous medium assumption ...

AIMS To evaluate the statistical significance of the parameters that affect underestimation of intraocular pressure (IOP) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. METHODS In this prospective case series study, patient age, axial length, preoperative corneal curvature, preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), preoperative IOP, and ablation depth were studied to determine whe...

OBJECTIVE To examine the accuracy of maternal ability to classify their children's weight status correctly using a verbal and a visual classification instrument and to detect significant correlates of maternal misperceptions. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Primary schools in four counties from north, west, central and south Greece. SUBJECTS A representative sample of 1858 primary-s...

Mao, Catherine S., Sara Bassilian, Shu K. Lim and W.-N. Paul Lee. Underestimation of gluconeogenesis by the [U-C6]glucose method: effect of lack of isotope equilibrium. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282: E376–E385, 2002. First published October 16, 2001; 10.1152/ajpendo.00210.2001.— Among the many tracer methods to indirectly estimate gluconeogenesis in humans, the [U-C6]glucose method as propo...

PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the rate of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)underestimation diagnosed after an ultrasound-guided 14-gauge core needle biopsy (US-14G-CNB) of breast masses and to compare the clinical and imaging characteristics between trueDCIS and underestimated DCIS identified following surgical excision. METHODS Among 3,124 US-14G-CNBs performed for breast masses...

In Western countries underestimation of energy intake (EI) is considered a serious problem in dietary surveys, but information on the accuracy of EI among Japanese people is sparse. We compared estimated EI with measured total energy expenditure (TEE) in 21 Japanese women aged 20-22 y. Dietary intake was estimated by 7-d weighed dietary records (7dWR) and a self-administered diet history questi...

BACKGROUND Treatment-naïve patients newly diagnosed with HIV occasionally present with low viral RNA of ≤1'000 copies/ml, raising concerns about viral load underestimation. Because falsely low or undetectable viral loads might lead to inadvertent virus transmission or treatment delays, confirmation of such cases by a sequence-independent viral load test is recommended in Switzerland. METHODS ...

This paper deals with order identification for nested models in the i.i.d. framework. We study the asymptotic efficiency of two generalized likelihood ratio tests of the order. They are based on two estimators which are proved to be strongly consistent. A version of Stein’s lemma yields an optimal underestimation error exponent. The lemma also implies that the overestimation error exponent is n...

Objectives The weight status of men with overweight and obesity tends to be visually underestimated, but visual recognition of female overweight and obesity has not been formally examined. The aims of the present studies were to test whether people can accurately recognize both male and female overweight and obesity and to examine a visual norm-based explanation for why weight status is underes...

OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between weight status and body size perception in children in the UK. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING School-based sample in the UK. PARTICIPANTS 399 children (205 boys, 194 girls) aged 7-9 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Perceived body size was assessed using a visual method (Children's Body Image Scale, matching to images representing body mas...