background central venous catheterization is done frequently in cardiac surgery and intensive care settings. faulty positioning of the catheter can cause many complications. objectives the aim of our study was to study the average depth of insertion and formulate a general guideline through the right internal jugular vein (ijv). patients and methods the right ijv was cannulated over a period of...

background: fenestration in the modified fontan operation allows right-to-left shunting, which reduces the fontan pathway pressure and improves cardiac output. however, on account of the fact that persistent right-to-left shunting results in cyanosis and paradoxical emboli, fenestration closure is recommended after recovery from the fontan operation. methods: this study recruited 3 patients who...

Congenital umbilical cord hernia is fairly common in infants and it is rarely associated with other anomalies. Sometimes, large umbilical cord hernia is confused with Small omphaloceles. We report an unusual case of umbilical cord hernia associated with patent vitello-intestinal duct (PVID), and Meckel's diverticulum underwent surgery and discharged with good general condition.

a 40 year old male, a known case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, was admitted for catheterization. at catheterization and angiography, septum was hypertrophied to about 5cm and diffuse coronary artery aneurysm was revealed. we found no previous report of coronary artery aneurysm in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.