Although the birth of a child is typically considered a very happy time for parents, surrogacy is often unchartered territory that can become very stressful for all parties involved. Part of the stress stems from the fact that different states and countries have varying laws and regulations overseeing surrogacy. This article provides insight regarding surrogacy around the world, including profe...

in consideration of the commitment of the agent to the contract,indirect representation is divided in two kind of direct and indirect representation. indirect representative who acts in the name of himself and on behalf of the principal is bound with the contract himself and is commited to transfer(deliver) rights of the contract to the principal,so indirect representation has an important role...

An increasing trend of economic agents is to form productive associations such as networks, platforms, and other hybrids. Subsets of these agents contract with each other to further their network project and these contracts can create benefits for, or impose costs on, agentswho are not contract parties. Contract law regulates third party claims against contract parties with the third-party bene...

Building on attribution and interdependence theories, two experiments tested the hypothesis that close friends of victims (third parties) are less forgiving than the victims themselves (first parties). In Experiment 1, individuals imagined a scenario in which either their romantic partner or the romantic partner of a close friend committed the identical relationship offense. Third parties were ...

A threshold cryptosystem involves collaboration among k of n users to take some cryptographic action. These actions could include encrypting, decrypting, signing and verifying. Threshold schemes are advantageous in situations where the involved parties wish to divide the power to sign or decrypt a message, so that no one party can take action without the support of some other parties, and in si...

This paper examines how three Dutch political parties employ the Internet as a tool to enhance ‘digital democracy’. The potential of digital democracy is considered to be strongest in the sphere of collective action outside the domain of political institutions. In this article, however, attention is given to how institutionalized channels might be supportive of digital democracy. Three componen...

Background & Aims: Losartan is a non-peptide potent antihypertensive agent that acts through blocking angiotensin II receptors. Hyzaar® is a combination product that contains two drugs, losartan and hydrochlorothiazide, used to lower high blood pressure. There are some reports regarding simultaneous measurement of the drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples which includes HPLC, CE, CEC, ...

Using data drawn from a survey conducted shortly after the 2002 elections, we investigate the Justice and Development Party's (AKP) election victory from the perspective of inter-party vote movements. Our aim is not only to identify the parties from which the AKP votes originated, but also the segments of these parties' voter bases the party appealed to in particular. Descriptive statistics sug...