The doargus reduction task is specialized for the extraction, flat fielding, fiber throughput correction, wavelength calibration, and sky subtraction of Argus fiber spectra. It is a command language script which collects and combines the functions and parameters of many general purpose tasks to provide a single complete data reduction path. The task provides a degree of guidance, automation, an...

Gibbs sampling requires a vector of parameters of interest that are initially unknown. These parameters will be denoted by the vectorΦ . Nuisance parameters, Θ , are also initially unknown. The goal of Gibbs sampling is to find estimates for the parameters of interest in order to determine how well the observable data fits the model of interest, and also whether or not data independent of the o...

In the problem of parametric statistical inference with a ®nite parameter space, we propose some simple rules for de®ning posterior upper and lower probabilities directly from the observed likelihood function, without using any prior information. The rules satisfy the likelihood principle and a basic consistency principle (`avoiding sure loss'), they produce vacuous inferences when the likeliho...

This paper provides a new approach for pricing and hedging popular highly pathdependent equity-linked contracts. We illustrate our technique with two examples: the locally-capped contracts (a popular design on the exchange-listed retail investment contracts on the American Stock Exchange) and the Cliquet option (extensively sold by insurance companies). Wilmott [17] describes these types of con...

Inference about a parameter θ based on the likelihood function is often based on first order approximations to standard summary statistics from the likelihood, such as the likelihood ratio statistic or the standardized maximum likelihood estimate. For more accurate inference refinements are needed to both improve the first order approximation of the distribution of the relevant statistic, and t...

The suspension basically comprises of a linkage which is a 3D mechanism SRRS (Spherical, Revolute, Revolute, Spherical). On the basis of six included angles of this four bar chain, position of kingpin axis is determined. Once the position of kingpin axis is decided corresponding steering parameters can be determined. In such complex phenomenon involving non-linear kinematics where validation of...

Asymptotic linearity plays a key role in estimation and testing in the presence of nuisance parameters. This property is established, in the very general context of a multivariate general linear model with elliptical VARMA errors, for the serial and nonserial multivariate rank statistics considered in Hallin and Paindaveine (2002a and b, 2004a) and Oja and Paindaveine (2004). These statistics, ...

Anthropogenic aerosols are a key factor governing Earth’s climate, and play a central role in human-caused climate change. However, because of aerosols’ complex physical, optical, and dynamical properties, aerosols are one of the most uncertain aspects of climate modeling. Fortunately, aerosol measurement networks over the past few decades have led to the establishment of long-term observations...

Three parameters that can be used to characterize aspects of cellular automata behavior are considered for binary valued one-dimensional rules. These are the λ parameter, the Z parameter, and the obstruction (Θ) parameter. After a brief review of the λ and Z parameters, the Θ parameter is defined and shown to characterize the degree of nonadditivity of a rule. A derivation of the Z parameter in...

In a Principles and Parameters syntax framework sentences are derived by two operations, merger and movement. Merger takes two categories as input (e.g., V and NP) and merges them into a single, higher-order category (e.g., VP). There are, however, constraints on the categories that can be merged successfully. Consider the following pairs: 1a. [NP The girl] sneezed 1b. *[NP The girl] sneezed [N...