Four multiparous pregnant Nubian goats at late lactation were subjected to injection of a saponin preparation from Gypsophila roots. Saponin solution was injected into one single gland of each goat after milking 8 times. At day 2 in treatment, milk yield began to be affected, and dropped down dramatically from day 3 till dry off at day 8. The pH value of milk was increased in udder halves treat...

Bacterial isolations were attempted from milk samples taken from 242 range ewes in a southwestern Idaho shed lambing enterprise. Eighty-five percent of the ewe milk samples had no pathogenic bacterial growth at lambing and 3 weeks later. The few organisms that were isolated did not appear to affect udder condition of the ewe or contribute to lamb mortality. Shed conditions did not affect the fr...

The results herein presented furnish exact critical evidence for the conclusion that the most of the milk is present as such in the udder of dairy cattle at the time of milking. The amount of milk which may be secreted during milking cannot, on the basis of these results, be over 20 per cent of the milk yield of the cow. The results show clearly that the size of the udder measures closely the a...

OBJECTIVE To develop a simple system for scoring hygiene in dairy cattle and determine whether hygiene scores were associated with individual cow somatic cell scores (SCSs). DESIGN Observational study. ANIMALS 1,191 cows. PROCEDURE With the aid of a chart containing line drawings and descriptive text, hygiene scores ranging from 1 (clean) to 5 (dirty) were assigned for 5 body areas: tail ...

Linear type scoring is key component in decision making process the herd, as it focusses on selection of animals with higher productive potential based their body conformation/linear traits. The present study was carried out 150 lactating Sahiwal cattle first to fifth parity. Measurements linear traits were recorded 1 h before evening milking at three different stages lactation. average score p...

The present study was intended to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in apparently healthy dairy goats, to carry out culture sensitivity of isolated pathogens and to elucidate the associated risk factors of mastitis. A total of 200 goats comprising of 397 udder halves from 10 flocks of Punjab was carried out. Milk samples from were collected and screened for California Mastit...

Once daily milking reduces milk yield, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Local regulation due to milk stasis in the tissue may contribute to this effect, but such mechanisms have not yet been fully described. To challenge this hypothesis, one udder half of six Holstein dairy cows was milked once a day (ODM), and the other twice a day (TDM). On the 8th day of unilateral...

Four cows received thyroxine injections (T4; 20 mg/d) and three cows received growth hormone injections (GH; 44 mg/d) for 4 d during successive 16-d experimental periods. Measurement was made of milk yield, protein yield, mammary tyrosine and phenylalanine uptake, blood plasma hormone concentrations, mammary blood flow and cardiac output. Milk yield increased by 25% with T4 and 21% with GH trea...

We examined the repertoire and extent of inflammation dependent gene regulation in a bovine mammary epithelial cell (MEC) model, to better understand the contribution of the MEC in the immune defence of the udder. We challenged primary cultures of MEC from cows with heat inactivated Escherichia coli pathogens and used Affymetrix DNA-microarrays to profile challenge related alterations in their ...

Dolly was the first cloned mammal and must be the most famous sheep in the world. Two things made her famous: first that she is an artificially induced clone, genetically identical to a previously existing sheep, for Dolly can be thought of as a vertical twin with identical genes, in this case to the parent. Second is the way in which it was done. The scientists took the nucleus from a cell fro...