OBJECTIVE We tested the primary hypotheses that sphingolipid and diacylglycerol (DAG) content is higher within insulin-resistant muscle and that the association between intramyocellular triglycerides (IMTG) and insulin resistance is muscle fiber type specific. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A nested case-control analysis was conducted in 22 obese (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) women who were classified as in...

OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies have identified several variants within the MTNR1B locus that are associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and type 2 diabetes. We refined the association signal by direct genotyping and examined for associations of the variant displaying the most independent effect on FPG with isolated impaired fasting glycemia (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose to...

BACKGROUND Insulin action has been reported to be normal in type 1 diabetic patients. However, some studies have reported an insulin resistance state in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate insulin resistance in a group of type 1 diabetic patients. We studied the insulin action in adipose tissue and analyzed the effects of duration of disease, body mass index (BMI), and glyc...

Background: Many patients with type 2 diabetes are uncontrolled on maximum oral treatment. The early introduction of insulin can lower diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to evaluate type 2 diabetes patients’ demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and attitude toward insulin therapy initiation. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 457 patients were selected from 1...

We study pancreatic -cells because of their role in diabetes, a deadly derangement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Their function is to secrete insulin in response to elevations of glucose in the blood plasma, as after a meal. Insulin signals the target tissues (muscle, liver, and adipose cells) that glucose is available for use as a fuel or for storage as glycogen or fat. Later, as plasm...

On the basis of the near-complete linkage disequilibrium of the insulin variable number of tandem repeats (INS VNTR) allele with the neighboring -23Hph1 A/T single-nucleotide polymorphism, previous studies have documented the association of class I ("short") and class III ("long") INS VNTR alleles with metabolic parameters, including circulating insulin levels. Using a new method to sequence cl...

Transferring foreign genes into mushroom mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a standard technique in genetic engineering. Recombinant human insulin has been greatly used in the treatment of type I diabetes. The production of edible mushroom derived insulin should facilitate oral delivery. In this study we used the Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation method for the transfer an...