Introduction. Diabetes distress is often seen in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Problem Areas (PAID) the most frequently used scale to assess clinical settings, but version for teenagers has not been translated into Danish and validated before now. Objective. This study describes translation of PAID-T scale, which was developed measure emotional diabetes. Materials Methods. The conduct...

Purpose We investigated the relationship between inflammation, neuronal loss, and expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in the retina of subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in the retina of rats with T1D. Methods Retinas from T1D (n = 7), T2D (n = 13), and 20 age-matched nondiabetic human donors and from T1D (n = 3) and contr...

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). There is evidence that maladaptive vascular changes associated with diabetes have already occurred as early as adolescence and that markers of aortic stiffness has been shown to be important predictors of early CVD risk. In this study, we evaluate the central distensibility, a me...

AIMS Reduced levels of free and total insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) have been observed in type-1 diabetes (T1D) patients. The bioavailability of IGF-I from the circulation to the target cells is controlled by multifunctional IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). The aim of this study was to profile serum IGFBPs in T1D and its complications. DESIGN We measured the IGFBP levels in 3662 patient ...

The inability to envisage the acute onset and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been a major clinical stumbling block and an important area of biomedical research over the last few decades. Therefore there is a pressing need to develop a new and an effective strategy for early detection of T1D and to precisely distinguish T1D from type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here we describe the precise role ...

In this study, we propose a closed-loop insulin administration framework for multiple daily injection (MDI) treatment using reinforcement learning (RL) agent bolus therapy. The RL agent, based on the soft actor–critic (SAC) algorithm, dynamically adjusts dosages real-time glucose readings, meal intakes, and previous actions. We evaluated proposed strategy ten in silico patients with type 1 diab...

The beta cell stress hypothesis suggests that any phenomenon that induces insulin resistance, and thereby extra pressure on the beta cells, should be regarded as a risk factor for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Psychological stress decreases insulin sensitivity and increases insulin resistance and may hence be important in the development/onset of T1D. The aim of the current review article was to evalu...

We recently reported the scalable in vitro production of functional stem cell-derived β-cells (SC-β cells). Here we extend this approach to generate the first SC-β cells from type 1 diabetic patients (T1D). β-cells are destroyed during T1D disease progression, making it difficult to extensively study them in the past. These T1D SC-β cells express β-cell markers, respond to glucose both in vitro...

Evaluating risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D) depends on determining an individual's HLA type, especially of the HLA DRB1 and DQB1 alleles. Individuals positive for HLA-DRB1*03 (DR3) or HLA-DRB1*04 (DR4) with DQB1*03:02 (DQ8) have the highest risk of developing T1D. Currently, HLA typing methods are relatively expensive and time consuming. We sought to determine the minimum number of sing...