In this paper, an inventory management framework and deterministic costs models within the context of this framework are structured for effective supply chain under deterministic and fuzzy environment. In this regard, we propose a bi-echelon multi-product supply chain in which a central manufacturing firm (lower echelon) with warehouse space limitation is fed through different suppliers (upper ...

Almost all multi-echelon inventory models assume that demand not satis ed immediately can be backordered. In some situations this assumption is not realistic. For example, it may be more representative to model stockouts as lost sales when the retailers are in a competitive market and customers can easily turn to another rm when purchasing the good. Assuming lost sales at the retailers, we cons...

We consider a system in which a single finished good is assembled from two components. Demand for the finished product is stochastic and stationary, and procurement and assembly leadtimes are constant. Unsatisfied demand is backordered. The inventory of each component or assembly is controlled by a separate firm using a base-stock policy. Each firm is charged holding costs on its own inventory ...

We study a multi-item, two-echelon, continuous-review inventory problem at a Dutch utility company, Liander. We develop a model that optimizes the quantities of service parts and their allocation in the two-echelon network under an aggregate waiting time restriction. Specific aspects that we address are emergency shipments in case of stockout, and batching for regular replenishment orders at th...

The inventory management of multi-echelon repairable items systems is a major problem as these items are relatively expensive and slow-moving, so, inventory management can be a real problem due to mathematical complexities. In this work, a study was performed in a complex high-value products manufacturer, whose repairable items are both expensive and critical. Data of parts’ failure, storage an...

Lateral transshipments within an inventory system are stock movements between locations of the same echelon. These transshipments can be conducted periodically at predetermined points in time to proactively redistribute stock, or they can be used reactively as a method of meeting demand which cannot be satisfied from stock on hand. The elements of an inventory system considered, e.g. size, cost...

Members of supply chain carry inventory for different purposes. To effectively reduce the cost of inventory, information sharing mechanism is the key. The inventory can be managed in two ways in supply chain systems. The first one is the centralized inventory management system, in which, the information of inventory is highly exchanged among supply chain members. The other is the decentralized ...

this study considers a two echelon supply chain system consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. under vendor managed inventory (vmi) program, the manufacturer is authorized to manage inventories of agreed upon stock keeping units at retail's locations. in this paper, we assume that the manufacturer monitors inventory levels at retailer's location, replenishes her stock under (...