0-7803-7651-X/03/$17.00 © 2003 IEEE IEEEAC paper #1159, Updated December 19, 2002 Abstract⎯The paradigm shift in the late 1980’s from large satellites to small satellites required that new methodologies be developed to assess their cost. In 1991, The Aerospace Corporation (Aerospace) began to study small satellites to better understand the design principles that were being employed in their imp...

Abstract Geodynamic processes in Antarctica such as glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and post-seismic deformation are measured by geodetic observations global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) gravimetry. GNSS measurements have comprised both continuous episodic since the mid-1990s. The estimated velocities typically reach an accuracy of 1 mm a −1 for horizontal 2 vertical velocities. Howev...

The New Horizons spacecraft observed Jupiter's icy satellites Europa and Ganymede during its flyby in February and March 2007 at visible and infrared wavelengths. Infrared spectral images map H2O ice absorption and hydrated contaminants, bolstering the case for an exogenous source of Europa's "non-ice" surface material and filling large gaps in compositional maps of Ganymede's Jupiter-facing he...

Global water vapour total column amounts have been retrieved from spectral data provided by the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) flying on ERS2, which was launched in April 1995, and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) onboard ENVISAT launched in March 2002. For this purpose the Air Mass Corrected Differential Optical Absorption Spectro...

Abstract Additional datasets from space-based observations of the Earth’s magnetic field are high value to space physics and geomagnetism. The use platform magnetometers non-dedicated satellites has recently successfully provided additional spatial temporal coverage field. Gravity steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission was launched in March 2009 ended November 2013 with purpose ...

The emerging field of corporate demography views corporations and industries in a similar way to human or animal individuals and groups. In spite of a surprisingly large overlap of subject matter with economics, corporate demography is not well-known by, nor easily accessible to economists. An extremely useful recent book, The Demography of Corporations and Industries, by Glenn R. Carroll and M...

A successful migration from traditional private networks (PNs) to virtual private networks (VPNs) depends on the ability of VPNs to offer similar quality of service (QoS) guarantees. To approach this goal, we propose to use priority scheduling based on flow size differentiation at the edge devices of the VPN. We evaluate the shortest elapsed time (SET) scheduling policy and compare it to differ...

We enumerate permutations which have exactly r 123-patterns and s 132patterns where r + s ≤ 2. We also give a new bijection between the ordered trees on n+1 vertices and 123-avoiding permutations of length n. We define the weight of ordered trees so that the bijection becomes weight-preserving, and find the generating function, in the form of a continued fraction, of 123-avoiding permutations o...