BACKGROUND Despite a non-decreasing HIV epidemic, international donors are soon expected to withdraw funding from Kazakhstan. Here we analyze how allocative, implementation, and technical efficiencies could strengthen the national HIV response under assumptions of future budget levels. METHODOLOGY We used the Optima model to project future scenarios of the HIV epidemic in Kazakhstan that vari...

Camel breeding is one of the most profitable and suitable types of livestock breeding in the natural and climatic conditions of the Central Asian Republics and Kazakhstan. The keeping of camels is appropriate for the extensive deserts and semideserts of the south-eastern, southern and western regions of Kazakhstan, where the climate and food resources meet the needs of this irreplaceable animal.

Background There are more and more information about ESBLproducing organisms wide spreading in Europe and Southeast Asia in recent years [1]. A large amount of students from Southeast Asia are staying in Kazakhstan, which raises the question about the distribution of microorganisms and aggravation of epidemiological situation. In our study we investigated the prevalence of ESBLproducing microor...

The article deals with the topical issue of assessing level well-being population in countries Central Asia. Theoretical, methodological and applied aspects measuring are discussed. evolution theory formation state mass welfare is proposed within framework three conceptual methods: socio-market, socially balanced liberal. Objective, subjective mixed methodologies described, data based on macroe...

The overall economic performance is summarised in the growth. It occurs when resources are combined technically an effective way. While advanced countries have no reliance on natural resources, they experience steady growth compared to resource-abundant countries. Caspian Sea basin (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan) Central Asia states (Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Uzbekis...

Three isolates APMV/gull/Kazakhstan/5976/2014, APMV/gull/Kazakhstan/ 5977/2014 and APMV/gull/Kazakhstan/5979/2014, were obtained from independent samples during annual surveillance for avian influenza and paramyxoviruses in wild birds from the Caspian Sea coast in Western Kazakhstan, and were initially identified as putative paramyxoviruses on the basis of electron microscopy. Hemagglutination ...

A novel avian paramyxovirus was identified during annual viral surveillance of wild bird populations in Kazakhstan in 2013. The virus was isolated from a white fronted goose (Anser albifrons) in northern Kazakhstan. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the isolate, which we suggest should constitute a novel serotype.

According to the last census, conducted in 1999, the population of Kazakhstan is 14.9 million people, making Kazakstan the fourth most populous former Soviet republic. Fifty-six percent of the country’s residents live in cities (National Statistical Agency, 1999). With a population density of approximately 6 people per square kilometer, Kazakhstan is one of the most sparsely populated regions i...

Background: Classical bacteriological detection of Brucella species from food, and environment is routinely carried out based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. However, for increasing specificity and sensitivity of species identification methods, development of a molecular assay is necessary that was main aim of this study. Methods: Panel of some reference strains belonging to ...

PURPOSE The LEUKOSPECT study aimed to describe health service utilization and to estimate the direct medical costs (DMCs) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in 2013 in the adult population of three post-Soviet countries - Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. As oncologic medical care is provided by federal state-owned, specialized medical institutions, the cost estimation in this study primarily...